DOMAIN 6 Nixon to Obama 37 RICHARD NIXON

DOMAIN 6 Nixon to Obama

#37 RICHARD NIXON • Years in Office • 1969 - 1974 • Terms in Office • One ½ Terms • Political Party • Republican Party Presidential Policy/Effect Domestic Fought to fix inflation and unemployment Created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Presidential Policy/Effect Foreign Opened China End of Vietnamization Highlight of term Chinese Diplomacy Restored the Conservative Republican Presence Creation of the EPA Lowlight of term Watergate Scandal Resignation from Presidency 1 st President to every do this International conflict while in office: End of Vietnamization

THE RISE OF THE CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT In 1964, Barry Goldwater ran for president against Lyndon Johnson and lost big time His campaign criticized federal government over-activity in trying to fight social inequality, poverty, or any lack of opportunities In 1968, America seemed to need a break from all the turmoil of the 1960 s Richard Nixon (R) won the presidency

RED STATES Democrat (Liberal) wins BLUE STATES Republican (Conservative) wins

PRESIDENT NIXON’S FOREIGN POLICY In 1971, Richard Nixon normalized relations between the US and China for first time since 1949 In 1972, Nixon visited China to strengthen economic and political relations

NIXON’S RESIGNATION In 1972, Nixon was up for reelection and was pretty sure to do well The Committee to Reelect the President broke into Democratic Headquarters at the Watergate office and apartments complex The cover-up that followed was ugly Washington Post uncovered the story Senate investigates Prosecutors were fired Audio tapes from the Oval Office were tampered with Nixon, fearing impeachment for his role in the burglary and cover-up, resigned in 1974 First president ever to do so

Nixon Recorded all of his conversation in the Oval Office.

#38 GERALD FORD • Years in Office • 1974 - 1977 • Terms in Office • One Terms • Political Party • Republican Party Presidential Policy/Effect Domestic Pardon Nixon Oil and Energy Crisis High Inflation/Stagflation High Unemployment Whip Inflation Now (WIN) Presidential Policy/Effect Foreign OPEC Embargo CIA Reform Pull remaining troops from Vietnam Highlight of term Continued détente (peace) with soviet union Lowlight of term Pardoning Nixon WIN didn’t work High Inflation High Unemployment Ending Vietnam/Fall of Saigon International conflict while in office End of Vietnam War Fall of Saigon

THE PRESIDENCY OF GERALD FORD (1974 -1976) “Our long national nightmare is over” Hard feelings over Nixon’s actions Ford pardoned Nixon, preventing criminal trial Economic struggles Oil prices rising and rising INFLATION (rising prices) unsuccessfully challenged by Ford’s plan to Whip Inflation Now (WIN) Jimmy Carter (D-GA) wins the presidency in 1976, promising in a down-to-earth style: “I will never tell a lie to the American people. ”

#39 JIMMY CARTER • Years in Office • 1977 - 1981 • Terms in Office • One Terms • Political Party • Democratic Party Presidential Policy/Effect Domestic Raising Energy Cost High Unemployment Presidential Policy/Effect Foreign Iranian Hostage Crisis Camp David Accord Gave Panama Canal back to the Panamanian People Highlight of term Camp David Accord Lowlight of term High Gas Prices High Unemployment Iranian Hostage Crisis International conflict while in office Iranian Revolution

THE BAKKE DECISION ON AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Supreme Court decided in 1978 in the case of California v. Bakke that using racial quotas (numbers set ahead of time) was illegal, but that race could be considered a factor in the admissions process Affirmative Action – increase the opportunities of those that have been historically discriminated against (in admissions or employment)

CARTER ADMINISTRATION’S EFFORTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST Carter promoted human rights and morality in foreign policy (bad for relations with USSR) In 1978, Carter invited the leaders of Egypt and Israel to America to complete their peace talks →→ Camp David Accords In 1979, there was a revolution in Iran and Carter did not support the new government November 4, 1979: Iranian militants took 52 American hostages in Tehran (444 days of hostage crisis, continuing oil problems and stillrising prices killed Carter’s presidency)

WHICH IMAGE IS EASIER FOR A VOTER TO REMEMBER?

CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARD GOVERNMENT 1932 -1963 FDR, Truman, Eisenhower, JFK 1963 -1980 Johnson: passed Civil Rights legislation, but Great Society died while he lied about troop escalation Nixon: slowed civil rights, had to resign over Watergate scandal Ford: pardoned the crook before him, couldn’t fix the economy Carter: couldn’t get the hostages back, couldn’t fix long lines at gas stations

FDR Truman Eisenhower JFK What do you think of government? Do you trust our leaders in government? LBJ Nixon Ford Carter

#40 RONALD REAGAN • Years in Office • 1981 - 1989 • Terms in Office • Two Terms • Political Party • Republican Party Presidential Policy/Effect Domestic Reaganomics Fixed Economy Presidential Policy/Effect Foreign Iranian Contra Scandal Collapse of the Soviet Union Highlight of term Fixed the economy with Reaganomics Collapse of the Soviet Union Cold War over Lowlight of term Iranian-Contra Scandal International conflict while in office: Cold War Iranian Contra Scandal

RONALD REAGAN: FOREIGN POLICY As the Soviet Union began its collapse, Reagan flexed muscle with increase defense spending In 1986, Americans found out that Reagan sold weapons to Iran (when he’d said he wouldn’t) and that the money from the sales went to help fund the Contras in their revolution in Nicaragua Iran-contra scandal really did not hurt Reagan’s image that much

RONALD REAGAN: DOMESTIC POLICY Reagan easily beat Jimmy Carter in 1980 and set out to restore confidence in government and economy Reaganomics was his plan where people would pay less taxes, save more money and then investments & productivity would rise Government spending and regulation went down Drugs, education, urban slums all grew into bigger problems

#41 GEORGE H. BUSH • Years in Office • 1989 - 1993 • Terms in Office • One Terms • Political Party • Republican Party Presidential Policy/Effect Domestic War on Drugs Americans with Disabilities Act Clean Air Campaign Deficit Solution Presidential Policy/Effect Foreign Conflict in Panama Persian Gulf War to protect Kuwait End of the Cold War Fall of the Berlin Wall Unification of Germany Highlight of term Winning Persian Gulf War Americans with Disabilities Act Clean Air Act Fall of the Berlin Wall Lowlight of term Economic Recession Forced to raised taxes Conflict in Panama International conflict while in office: Desert Storm Persian Gulf War Operation Desert Shield Fall of the Berlin wall

#42 BILL CLINTON • Years in Office • 1993 - 2001 • Terms in Office • Two Terms • Political Party • Democratic Party Presidential Policy/Effect Domestic Improved: Unemployment Deficit Welfare North American Free Trade Agreement Health Care Reform “New Democratic Party” Presidential Policy/Effect Foreign Doctrine of Enlargement Strengthen/expand the world community of market democracies. NATO to Serbia Troubles Abroad Somalia Rwanda Haiti Highlight of term Domestic Improvements NAFTA Lowlight of term Multiple Scandals Whitewater – Paula Jones Lewinsky Impeachment Couldn’t solve healthcare International conflict while in office: Rwanda Genocide Bosnia Serbia Somalia Haiti

ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON OUR LIVES Personal Computer Internet has opened the “Information Age” Access highlights the gap between the “have’s” and the “have-not’s” Cellular telephone Information & accessibility anywhere and everywhere 1992

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONGRESS & BILL CLINTON Clinton pushed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which would open a free-trade zone between the US, Canada and Mexico After the Republicans took control of Congress in 1994, it became more and more difficult for Clinton to achieve welfare and health care reform laws In 1998, Clinton faced impeachment by the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, but the Senate acquitted him and he kept his job (after apologizing for his actions)

THE 2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION & ITS OUTCOME Al Gore vs. George W. Bush an extension of Clinton vs. an extension of Reagan It was one of the tightest elections in US history According to the Electoral College, the first candidate to earn 270 electoral votes would win – all eyes were on Florida’s 25 votes – recounts started and stopped and started again before a Supreme Court decision put an end to it and led to George W. Bush’s victory in the election, more than a month after the election

#43 GEORGE W. BUSH • Years in Office • 2001 - 2009 • Terms in Office • Two Terms • Political Party • Republican Party Presidential Policy/Effect Domestic Compassionate Conservative Tax Cuts No Child Left Behind Education Reform Two Supreme Court Justices Appointed Highlight of term 9/11 Attack Reaction Initial War Effort Tax Cuts Lowlight of term Creation of Homeland Security Election debate (Electoral College) 9/11 Attack Hurricane Katrina 2008 House Crisis Presidential Policy/Effect Foreign International conflict while in office: John Roberts Samuel Alito 9/11 Attacks Afghanistan Al Qaeda/Taliban War on Terrorism Afghanistan Iraq War on Terror

THE RESPONSE OF GEORGE W. BUSH TO SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 Following the attacks in NY and DC, Bush declared an American war against terrorism And created Department of Homeland Security And passed the Patriot Act In October 2001, the war against terrorism took American bombers to Afghanistan In March 2003, Bush expanded the war on terrorism to Iraq –Bush (incorrectly) believed Saddam Hussein was supplying terrorists with weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)

#44 BARACK OBAMA • Years in Office • 2009 - 2016 • Terms in Office • Two Terms • Political Party • Democratic Party Presidential Policy/Effect Domestic Highlight of term Obamacare Replaced two Supreme Court Justices Budget negotiations Cut spending Government Bailouts of Automobile industry Lowlight of term Presidential Policy/Effect Foreign International conflict while in office: Troop Removal Establishing Democracies Osama Bin Laden killed Government Shutdown Iraq War Bengazi