DOCUMENT GSC 14 GRSC 7 009 R 1

DOCUMENT #: GSC 14 -GRSC 7 -009 R 1 FOR: Information SOURCE: ARIB AGENDA ITEM: 4. 2 Mobile Multimedia Broadcast & Multicast CONTACT(S): sekiguchi@arib. or. jp Broadcasting for mobile receivers Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009

Highlight of Current Activities (1) • Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan – On December 1, 2003, Japan launched Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) using the Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) transmission system. – ISDB-T is recommended in Rec. ITU-R BT. 1306. – ISDB-T is robust transmission system because it uses OFDM and time interleaving. • One-Seg – One-segment services for mobile receivers (called “One-Seg”) can be provided simultaneously with one 6 MHz TV channel, in addition to HDTV (or multi-channel SDTV). – On April 1, 2006, One-Seg services began in Japan. – More than 55 million One-Seg receivers have been shipped so far. – Various kinds of One-Seg receivers are available on the market. – One-Seg is provided free of charge. to slide 8, 9 Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 2

Highlight of Current Activities (2) • BST-OFDM technology – NHK developed the Band Segmented Transmission OFDM (BSTOFDM) technology for ISDB-T in 1996. – ISDB-T consists of 13 OFDM segments. – The system supports hierarchical transmissions of up to three layers, and parameters can be changed in each layers. – Typically we use two layers. One is a layer for HDTV with 12 segments using 64 QAM, and the other is a layer for One-Seg with 1 segment using QPSK. – Example of Information bit rate is 16. 851 Mbps (for HDTV) and 416 kbps (for One-Seg). • Features of One-Seg – Not only video & audio, but data, closed caption, and Electric Program Guide (EPG) are transmitted in One-Seg. – One-Seg is a new medium that realizes the convergence of broadcasting & communications on the mobile terminal. to slide 10, 11 Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 3

Strategic Direction • Termination of Analog TV services – Plans call for digital terrestrial broadcasting to reach all homes in Japan by July 2011. – By July 2011, both analog terrestrial and satellite broadcasting are scheduled to be terminated. – At this point, Japan will have completed the transition to all-digital TV broadcasting. • Digital Radio – Digital terrestrial radio (DR) test transmission started in October 2003. – Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies. – DR uses a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7) for the test transmission. – ISDB-TSB (Sound Broadcasting) transmission system is adopted for DR. to slide 12, 13 Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 4

Challenges • Recent topics in One-Seg – Independent program service It is possible to broadcast independent program (nonsimultaneous program to 12 segments) service in One-Seg from April 2008 by legal changes. NTV started to broadcast independent One-Seg test service for sports programs. NHK started independent One-Seg service using educational channel in April 2009. – Multi-channel service It is possible to send up to 3 programs in One-Seg. TOKYO MX started 2 programs One-Seg service when they broadcast multi-channel service in June 2008. • Research & Development in One-Seg – NHK has been developing Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System. – NHK has been developing automatic activation of One-Seg receivers by the EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System). (See slide 17, 18) Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 5

Next Steps/Actions • VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination – Frequency bandwidth for terrestrial television will be reduced from 370 MHz to 240 MHz. – VHF Low (18 MHz) & VHF High (14. 5 MHz) will be allocated for non-TV broadcasting services. (e. g. , Mobile Multimedia broadcasting) • Mobile Multimedia broadcasting – There’s a chance to start new multimedia broadcasting services for mobile receivers with VHF Low & VHF High. – VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital community broadcasting for small area. – ISDB-TSB is now under consideration for new services. – VHF High will be used for a new nationwide area multimedia service. And ISDB-Tmm (Mobile Multimedia) is now under development for it’s services. – One-Seg, ISDB-TSB, and ISDB-Tmm are all ISDB-T family that introduce the BST-OFDM technology. – It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by the middle of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011. – ARIB is now preparing for the new services for multimedia broadcasting. to slide 14, 15 Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 6

Supplemental Slides Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 7

Shipments of receivers - Digital Terrestrial TV in Japan / One-Seg 4/2009 One-Seg million Shipments of receivers of Digital terrestrial broadcasting & Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner 50 Digital terrestrial *1 One-Seg *2 40 30 More than 50 million One-seg receivers 20 4/2009 10/2008 7/2008 4/2008 10/2007 7/2007 4/2007 10/2006 7/2006 4/2006 10/2005 7/2005 4/2005 10/2004 7/2004 0 4/2004 10 1/2004 Shipments of receivers (cumulative total) 60 Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, NHK 12/2003 Digital terrestrial broadcasting 4/2006 One-Seg service *1 Digital television + Terrestrial digital tuner + Cable digital STB ( Total number of Television: about 117 million, 7/2008 ) *2 Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner ( Total number of Mobile 107 million, 4/2009 ) Geneva, 13 -16 phone: July 2009 8

One-Seg receivers - Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan / One-Seg - to slide 3 Car Navigators Mobile Phones Portable Dictionary PCs with One-Seg Portable Games (From Homepage) USB type One-Seg tuners Portable Players Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 9

12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg 13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5. 57 MHz HDTV 12 Segments 12 Segs 1 Seg On-air program 1 Segment Data service (6/14 MHz) 64 QAM FEC = 3/4 (16. 851 Mbps) QPSK FEC = 2/3 (416 kbps) Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 10

Convergence of Broadcasting & Communications - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg to slide 4 Broadcasting Watch TV Convergence TV & Data Communications TV & Internet Broadcasting station BML BML, HTML Watching TV program on full screen Watching TV program and reading data on TV Watching TV program and reading data on the Internet Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 Viewing or reading on the Internet 11

Timeline of Digital Broadcasting services - Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio - Satellite Terrestrial 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 will be over 7/2011 Analog SD 12/2003 Digital One-Seg 4/2006 will be over 7/2011 Analog SD was over 9/2007 Analog HD Digital Radio 12/2000 Test transmission 10/2003 24/7/2011 Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 12

ISDB-TSB (Digital Radio) - Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio ISDB-TSB 13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5. 57 MHz to slide 5 (Sound Broadcasting) Digital Radio test transmission started in 10/2003 (8 segments, VHF 7 ch) TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7 TS 8 TS 9 TS 10 TS 11 TS 12 TS 13 1 Segment 3 Segments TS 1 TS 2 QPSK ハイビジョン Video　※ Data service FEC = 2/3, GI = 1/16 (440 kbps) Image 1 & 3 Segments are used in ISDB-TSB Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 ※　NHK started video services in July 2008. 13

Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination - Now 90 -108 MHz 1～ 3 ch 170 -222 MHz 4～ 12 ch 470 -770 MHz 13～ 62 ch Analog TV Broadcasting Digital TV Broadcasting 18 MHz 52 MHz 300 MHz 90 -108 MHz 170 -202. 5 MHz 207. 5 -222 MHz Future Plan (1)-a 18 MHz (VHF Low) (1) (2) (3) (4) (2) (1)-b 32. 5 MHz 14. 5 MHz (VHF High) （GB 5 MHz） 470 -710 MHz 13～ 52 ch 715 -725 MHz Digital TV Broadcasting 240 MHz Non TV Broadcasting Private Telecommunication (Protection against disasters, etc) Intelligent Transport Systems Telecommunications Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 730 -770 MHz (3) (4) 10 MHz GB 5 MHz 40 MHz GB 5 MHz Schedule plan (1) (2) after July 25, 2011 (3) (4) after July 25, 2012 14

Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination (VHF Low) 18 MHz Future Plan (1)-a (VHF High) 14. 5 MHz (2) (1)-b Digital TV Broadcasting (3) (4) (1)-a Digital Radio broadcasting for Local block area & Digital community broadcasting for small area ⇒ ISDB-TSB (advanced) (1)-b Multimedia broadcasting for Nationwide area ⇒ ISDB-Tmm, Media. FLO 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Terrestrial Analog TV broadcasting Digital Radio test transmission Multimedia Broadcasting ARIB Standard, Technical Report License policy Telecommunications Council Report Selection of corporations Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 15

Rearrangement of VHF/UHF - VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination - to slide 6 ・The Telecommunication Council is examining the technical condition of multimedia broadcasting that will use VHF Low & High. ・ VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital community broadcasting for small area. ・ VHF High will be used for nationwide area. ・ In February, 2008, 17 companies or corporations (NHK, TOKYO FM, TBS R & C, FM OSAKA, FM 802, Nippon Broadcasting System, etc) established the organization "VL-P ". (More than 110 organizations join "VL -P " now. ) ・ "VL-P " aims at drafting of ARIB Technical report and clarification of service image. An image of VHF Low service ・The difference of Digital Radio (which is now broadcasted as a test) and Digital Radio (which will be broadcasted) is as follows. 30 fps Video (QVGA, MPEG-4 AVC/H. 264) 5. 1 surround Audio Multi-channel programs Contents download, etc ・There is a subject to clear sharing condition with Analog FM Radio (7690 MHz). ・ It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by Geneva, 13 -16 broadcasting July 2009 16 the middle of 2010 to start after July 2011.

Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System - Research & Development in One-Seg ・NHK developed a "connected One-Seg re-transmission system" that extracts One-Seg 　signals from the digital terrestrial broadcast-waves received from individual broadcasters 　and combines them into a single signal for re-transmission over a channel that is different 　from any of the receiving channels. ・A maximum of thirteen One-Seg signals can be re-transmitted. It will be possible to offer 　community broadcasting localized to a particular area for re-transmission, in addition to 　One-Seg services from every broadcaster. ISDB-T Air ch 1 ch 2 ch 3 ch 4 ch 5 ch 6 ch 7 ch 8 Frequency Combines only One-Seg signals aboveground Connected One-Seg re-transmission system underground Community One. Seg signals Re-transmission ch 9 -13 6 MHz ch 1 ch 2 ch 3 ch 4 ch 5 ch 6 ch 7 ch 8 ch 9 Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 ch 10 ch 11 ch 12 ch 13 Frequency 17

Automatic Activation of Receivers by EWS - Research & Development in One-Seg ・The EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) automatically activates receivers when 　a disaster happens, such as an earthquake or Tsunami. ・NHK developed EWS compatible adaptor that can be connected to a One-Seg receiver. ・The low power consumption achieved by performing intermittent reception of the One-Seg 　activation flag, which is transmitted approximately every 0. 2 seconds, showed the 　prospect of continuous standby operation for about two weeks without recharging. ・Among the 432 carriers used for One-Seg 　service, four carriers transmit the activation flag 　for emergency warning broadcasting. Increasing 　this to all four carriers, from the previously used 　two carriers that transmitted the activation flag 　signal, improved reception sensitivity without 　increasing power consumption. ・NHK will work toward the actual implementation 　of One-Seg and radio receiver with the EWS 　reception function. Prototype of EWS adaptor Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 18

12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology Example parameters for digital terrestrial television broadcasting 12 Segments 1 segment Mode 3 Reception Fixed (Mobile) Mobile Modulation 64 QAM QPSK Code ratio 3/4 2/3 Guard interval 1/8 (126 s) Bit rate 16. 851 Mbps 416 kbps ※ 1 Video coding MPEG-2 (30 fps) Audio coding MPEG-2 AAC+SBR ※ 2 Data broadcasting BML (XHTML) A Profile BML (XHTML) C Profile Electric Program Guide OK (Now + Next + 8 days) OK (Now + Next + 8 programs) Closed caption OK OK Copy control Yes CAS Yes No H. 264 (15 fps) 16: 9(320× 180), 4: 3(320× 240) ※ 1 Example: Video (224 kbps), Audio (55 kbps), Data (80 kbps), Closed caption (5 kbps), EPG (20 kbps), Control (32 kbps) ※ 2 Spectral Band Replication Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 19

12 segs Source coding Video coding Audio coding Data/EPG Data/ EPG coding 1 seg Source coding Video coding Audio coding Data/EPG Data/ EPG coding Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 Antenna Power Amp Up converter Mapping Frequency interleave Time interleave Layer synthesis & rate conversion Mapping Bit interleave D/A Inner code Guard interval addition Channel coding Byte interleave Delay compensation Energy dispersal Byte interleave Aux channel IFFT 1 seg Delay compensation TMCC 1 seg OFDM frame configuration Pilot Energy dispersal Hierarchical separation Outer code (RS) TS Re-Mux Conditional Access Multiplexing Configuration of Digital transmission - BST-OFDM technology 12 segs 20

Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital television broadcasting Transmission Parameter Mode 1 Mode 2 No. of OFDM segments Mode 3 13 Bandwidth 5. 575 MHz 5. 573 MHz 5. 572 MHz Carrier interval 3. 968 k. Hz 1. 984 k. Hz 0. 992 k. Hz No. of carriers 1405 2809 5617 Modulation system Effective symbol length Guard-interval length QPSK，16 QAM，64 QAM，DQPSK 252 s 504 s 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length No. of symbols per frame Time interleave 1. 008 ms 204 Maximum 4 values: 0, about 0. 13, 0. 25, 0. 5 sec Frequency interleave Intra-segment or inter-segment interleaving Inner code Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8) Outer code RS (204, 188) Information bit rate Hierarchical transmission 3. 65 Mpbs - 23. 23 Mbps Maximum 3 levels Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 21

ARIB Standards, ITU-R Recommendations ARIB Standards and ITU-R Recommendations for ISDB-T Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 22

Digital Radio - Tokyo area Osaka area Digital Radio receiver (KDDI) (About 1. 8 million receivers, 6/2008) 2. 4 k. W DRP homepage 240 W Digital Terrestrial Radio test transmission started in October 2003, using a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7). Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies. Digital Radio uses BST-OFDM technology (ISDB-TSB). It is possible to send up to 13 independent programs including video and data in 6 MHz. ISDB-TSB is recommended in ITU-R BS. 1114. < Example parameters of Digital Radio > Audio Video Data EPG etc Main 144 bps 180 kbps 64 kbps 52 kbps 440 kbps Main + Sub 3 36 kbps 180 kbps 64 kbps 52 kbps 440 kbps Main Sub 1 Sub 2 Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 Sub 3 23

Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-TSB) Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital radio broadcasting Transmission Parameter OFDM segments Bandwidth Mode 1 3 Segs 1 Seg 3 Segs 432. 5 k. Hz 1. 289 MHz 430. 5 k. H z 1. 287 MHz 429. 5 k. Hz 1. 286 MHz 3. 968 k. Hz 109 Guard-interval length 1. 984 k. Hz 325 Modulation system Effective symbol length 216 Frequency interleave 649 0. 992 k. Hz 433 252 s 504 s 1. 008 ms 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length 204 Maximum 5 values Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 3 Segs) interleaving Inner code Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8) Outer code RS (204, 188) Information bit rate Hierarchical transmission 1297 QPSK，16 QAM，64 QAM，DQPSK No. of symbols per frame Time interleave Mode 3 1 Seg Carrier interval No. of carriers Mode 2 280. 85 kpbs – 5. 361 kbps Maximum 2 levels Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 24

Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-Tmm) Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial multimedia broadcasting Transmission Parameter Mode 1 Mode 2 OFDM segments Mode 3 13 to 33#1 segments Bandwidth 6000 / 14 * n +38. 48 k. Hz Carrier interval 3. 968 k. Hz 1. 984 k. Hz 0. 992 k. Hz No. of carriers 108 * n +1 216 * n + 1 432 * n + 1 Modulation system Effective symbol length Guard-interval length QPSK，16 QAM，64 QAM，DQPSK 252 s 504 s 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length No. of symbols per frame Time interleave Frequency interleave 1. 008 ms 204 Maximum 4 values Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 13 Segs) interleaving Inner code Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8) Outer code RS (204, 188) Information bit rate Hierarchical transmission 280. 85* n kbps – 1475. 5 * n kbps Maximum 3 levels for 13 segment part n : number of segment #1: case of Japan Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009 25

ISDB-T mm (mobile multimedia) system ISDB-Tmm transmission signal 13 to 33 segment , Channel Bandwidth : 6000 / 14 * n +38. 48 k. Hz 13 segment part 1 segment part Example of the ISDB-Tmm compliant receivers with ISDB-T (13 segment) and ISDB-Tsb (1 segment ) demodulator. Ø Partial reception of 13 seg part or 1 seg part Ø Multi-Channel real-time and non real time services such as audio / video clips, e-books, etc. Geneva, 13 -16 July 2009