Do Now What are three roots of prejudice

Do Now: What are three roots of prejudice (S…E…C)? Social Emotional Cognitive

Cognitive 1) 2) 3) 4) Categorizing Vivid Case Phenomenon Just World Phenomenon Hindsight Bias

Cognitive Roots of Prejudice One way we simplify our world is to categorize. We categorize people into groups by stereotyping them. Michael S. Yamashita/ Woodfin Camp Associates 3

Cognitive Roots of Prejudice In vivid cases terrorists can feed stereotypes or prejudices Example: 9/11 4

Cognitive Roots of Prejudice © The New Yorker Collection, 1981, Robert Mankoff from cartoonbank. com. All Rights Reserved. Just-world phenomenon The tendency of people to believe the world is just, and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get 5

Hindsight Bias The tendency to believe that we could have predicted an outcome beforehand 6

How can we reduce prejudice? • Contact theory- contact between antagonistic groups will reduce hostility if groups work toward superordinate goal

Do Now: • Video on Aggression Bandura, Road Rage, Intentional Aggression • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=k 5 I 8 OE n. NNMY • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=j. Wsxfo. J Ew. QQ

Aggression any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. Aggressive behavior emerges from the interaction of biology and experience. 9

Two types of Aggression • Instrumental: act is a means to gain something • Hostile: emotional and impulsivetypically in response to pain or stress

Aim: What is the cause of aggression?

The Biology of Aggression Three biological influences on aggressive behavior are: 1. Genetic Influences 2. Neural Influences 3. Biochemical Influences 12

Genetic Influences 1) Twin Studies 2) Animal Breeding Studies 3) Y chromosome: Men are much more likely to engage in aggressive behavior 13

Neural Influences: The limbic system (amygdala) will increase aggression The frontal lobe will suppress aggression

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=sv. P 7 -L 2 Zu 3 M

Biochemical Influences 1) Castrated animals (low testosterone) become docile 2) Animals injected with testosterone= increased aggression 3) Prenatal exposure to testosterone= increased aggression 16

Alcohol and Aggression • Alcohol increases aggression

Frustration-Aggression Principle Frustration (caused by the blocking of an attempt to achieve a desired goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression. 21

Learning that Aggression is Rewarding When aggression leads to desired outcomes, one learns to be aggressive. 22

How might viewing violent or sexually violent media lead to aggression?

Violent media will desensitize people to violence • Media can create social scripts and use these scripts as guides

Observing Models of Aggression Sexually coercive men are promiscuous and hostile in their relationships with women. This coerciveness has increased due to television viewing of Rand X-rated movies. 25

Acquiring Social Scripts The media portrays social scripts and generates mental tapes in the minds of the viewers. 26

Do Video Games Teach or Release Violence? The general consensus on violent video games is that, to some extent, they breed violence. Adolescents view the world as hostile when they get into arguments and receive bad grades after playing such games. 27

Summary • What are three causes of aggression? • How does our psychology influence aggression? • How could you study the effects of prejudice on aggressive behaviors?

Summary 29