Do Now Aggression Describe what you see in
Do Now: Aggression � Describe what you see in this political cartoon in 3 -5 sentences.
Aggressors Invade Nations � Objective: Describe the aggression of fascist countries prior to world war II.
Japanese Aggression � Japan seeks to solve its economic problem through foreign expansion � Takes over Manchuria, China in 1931 � Manchuria rich in iron and coal � League of Nations protests & Japan withdraws from the League � Japan invades the rest of China in 1937 � Beijing & Nanjing captured � Japanese troops killed tens of thousands of soldiers & civilians in Nanjing � Chinese troops led by Mao Zedong continue to fight the Japanese
Rape of Nanking
Field of skulls in Nanking
Japanese officer executing patient
QUICK CHECK! � Why did Japan feel the need to expand their territory and take over other nations? � Wanted to solve their economic problems � More natural resources � What happened when the Japanese invaded China in 1937? � Beijing & Nanjing captured � Japanese troops killed tens of thousands of soldiers & civilians in Nanjing � Chinese troops led by Mao Zedong continue to fight the Japanese
Italian Aggression �Mussolini invaded Ethiopia, one of Africa’s 3 independent nations in 1935 �Ethiopian emperor, Haile Salassie, appealed to the League of Nations �League nothing. �Britain condemned the attack, but did controlled the Suez Canal, but let Italy through in order to keep the peace
Civil War in Spain �Spain was a monarchy until 1931, then a republic �Spanish army leaders want fasciststyle government �General Francisco Franco leads a rebellion in 1936 �Received aid from Hitler and Mussolini �Won the war in 1939—becomes Spain’s Fascist dictator
QUICK CHECK! �Who was Francisco Franco? �General, Spain’s fascist dictator �Who did Franco get aide from? �Hitler and Mussolini
German Aggression � Hitler begins a series of steps that would lead to war �built German military against Treaty of Versailles �Entered the Rhineland (buffer zone between Germany and France) �Britain & France choose appeasement— giving in to demands to keep peace �Strengthened Hitler’s power and prestige �Forms alliance with Italy and Japan �Axis Powers—Germany, Italy, Japan
German Expansion
Who were the Axis Powers?
QUICK CHECK! �What is appeasement? �giving in to demands to keep peace �How did appeasement affect Hitler? �Strengthened Hitler’s power and prestige
Why Appeasement? � Many nations didn’t want another World War � Many thought Communism was a bigger threat � Great Depression “sapped” energy of western democracies
German Third Reich Expands �Hitler annexed Austria (1938) and Sudetenland, but Czechs ask France for help �Munich Conference (Sept. 29, 1938) �Meeting of Germany, France, Britain, and Italy �Hitler could take Sudetenland, but had to respect Czech. New borders �Less than 6 months later, Hitler took Czechoslovakia �Soon after, Mussolini seized Albania
QUICK CHECK! �What happened after the Munich Conference? �Meeting of Germany, France, Britain, and Italy �Hitler could take Sudetenland, but had to respect Czech. New borders �Less than 6 months later, Hitler took Czechoslovakia �Soon after, Mussolini seized Albania
United States Stays Out! � Isolationist Policy—avoid political ties to other countries � Beginning in 1935, Congress passed three Neutrality Acts � Banned loans and the sale of arms to nations at war
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact �France and Britain asked USSR to help them stop Hitler �USSR talked with all three countries �Hitler and Stalin agree not to fight each other and to split up Poland
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