DNARNA Protein Synthesis DNA Located in the cell

DNA-RNA Protein Synthesis

DNA Located in the cell: Nucleus Codes for: proteins Contains: Genetic Information Flow: DNA -> RNA -> Protein

DNA->RNA (Transcription) Occurs in the: nucleus Converting DNA to RNA occurs by the process of: transcription

DNA->RNA (Transcription) Is the TEMPLATE Used to code for RNA To make RNA from DNA Must UNWIND

DNA-> RNA (2) Selecting the Gene select the gene Must then needed to be expressed and unwind that section of DNA

DNA-> RNA (3) Using the DNA as a TEMPLATE Use complementary RNA Nucleotides and match them to the DNA A U ACUCUCUG T A C G G C PROCESS IS CALLED…. TRANSCRIPTION

RNA-> Protein (Translation) Already completed transcription: m. RNA from the ______ DNA Made _______ Nucleus in the _______ Now need to go to _______ ribosome to make a protein. (Site of protein synthesis)

RNA->ribosome-> protein Nucleus RNA in the nucleus must leave the ______ cytoplasm It is now in the _______ ribosome and must go to the _____ Where RNA’s code can be read and made into a protein

RNA->Protein RNA nucleotides are read in groups of 3 codons called _____ You use the Genetic DICTIONARY to determine what amino acid ______is being coded for

Determining the amino acid sequence MET LYS PHE ARG ALA STOP AUG AAG UUU CGC GCA GCU UGA This process is called translation

Quiz DNA 1. 2. RNA nucleus 3. Amino acids 6. 4. cytoplasm ribosome 5. RNA 7.

If a Mistake is Made AUG AAG UUU CGC GCA GCU UGA MET LYS PHE ARG ALA STOP WHAT IF THIS HAPPENS?

DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Overview & Review Transcription/Translation activity

Mutation DEFINITION – m. RNA: Amino Acid : Sequence change in DNA sequence AUG AAG UUU CGC GCA GCU UGA MET LYS PHE ARG ALA STOP

DUE TO: wrong bases in DNA or RNA Examples: Duplication Normal sequence of genes deletion Copy a gene or nucleotideremove sequence a gene or nucleotide sequence inversion translocation KLMN genes orsequence nucleotide sequence from ANOTHER flip a gene or. Get nucleotide CHROMOSOME

2. WRONG # OF CHROMOSOMES due to errors in mitosis or meiosis in DNA EXAMPLES: A. DOWN”S SYNDROME: -trisomy 21 (3 copies of #21 chromosome) (failure of chromosome to separate when forming a gamete)

Klinefelters and Turners Syndrome -wrong # sex chromosome

Mutagenic Agents: Things that cause mutations (changes in DNA): smoking Viruses like HPV x rays alcohol uv rays asbestos arsenic

Carcinogen Things that cause cancer Due to changes in DNA

Can only pass to offspring if … Mutation is in a gamete NOT a somatic cell or body cell

Is a Mutation… Good? Bad? If it causes a change that helps the organism: GOOD If it causes a change that hurts the organism: BAD