DNA What is DNA Contains all genetic information
- Slides: 13
DNA
What is DNA? • Contains all genetic information of the entire organism • Located in the nucleus of all cells (with a few exceptions!) – mature red blood cells have no nucleus – sex cells have half the amount of genetic information (haploid) • A “full set” in humans is 46 chromosomes – Made up of 23 pairs (diploid)
But not in all animals! Organism # of Chromosome Pairs Human 23 Drosophila (fruit fly) 4 E. coli (bacteria) 4 Mosquito 3 Fly 4 Frog 18 Cat 19 Chimpanzee 24 Horse 32 Dog 39 Onion 8 Peanut 12
• DNA spends most of its time in a long string called chromatin • During cell division, chromatin coils up tightly to form chromosomes
• the section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a gene
• DNA -> RNA -> Protein (made of amino acid)
DNA Structure • In 1952, Rosalind Franklin obtained images of DNA using X-ray crystallography, an idea first proposed by Maurice Wilkins. • In 1953 Watson and Crick solved the puzzle of DNA’s structure after viewing these x-ray images
DNA Structure • DNA is made of nucleotides composed of 3 parts – 5 carbon sugar: deoxyribose – one nitrogenous base (4 possible options!) – phosphate group • DNA: – Deoxyribo– Nucleic acid
• There are two types of nitrogenous bases: 1. Purines -Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) -2 fused rings 2. Pyrimidines -Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) -only one ring Adenine ALWAYS bonds with thymine Guanine ALWAYS bonds with cytosine -this is called complimentary base pairing
• DNA looks like a twisted ladder – This arrangement is called a double helix
• Alternating sugar and phosphates make up the backbone (the “rails” of the ladder) • Bases make up the “rungs” and are held together by weak hydrogen bonds
- Founders effect
- Genetic programming vs genetic algorithm
- Genetic programming vs genetic algorithm
- What is gene flow and genetic drift
- Gene flow vs genetic drift
- Chapter 3 cells and tissues figure 3-7
- Which part of the cell contains genetic material
- Chapter 12 section 1 dna the genetic material
- Chapter 12 section 1 molecular genetics answer key
- Chapter 12 section 1 molecular genetics answer key
- Chapter 12 dna and rna section 12-1
- Section 12-1 dna
- Section 1 identifying dna as the genetic material
- Name a line containing point a