DNA to Proteins Protein Synthesis making proteins DNA
- Slides: 10
DNA to Proteins Protein Synthesis (making proteins)
DNA – RNA - Proteins � This is called the genetic code (or Protein Synthesis) � Also known as the ‘Central Dogma’ � The DNA inside of the Nucleus gives the RNA instructions for making Proteins. � Since the DNA cannot leave the nucleus, the m. RNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
Changing DNA - RNA � Changing DNA – RNA is called “TRANSCRIPTION” � To ‘transcribe’ is to ‘re-write’ something. � This means there will be a change in base pairing. � A=U (this is different, no THYMINE in RNA) � C=G (this is the same)
Transcribe the DNA to RNA � Practice Transcription AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT
Transcribe the DNA to m. RNA � Practice Transcription-answer = AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT m. RNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA - UAA DNA Remember: There is no T (thymine) in RNA; instead there is U (uracil) The series of 3 bases is called a triplet or CODONS
m. RNA – Proteins (amino acids) � Messenger RNA (m. RNA) being translated into an amino acid is called TRANSLATION. � You will need page 292 of the blue Glencoe Textbooks for the Amino Acid Codon Chart
m. RNA – Proteins (Amino Acid) � Translate the m. RNA to Amino Acids � You will need the chart on page 292 in blue text books m. RNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAA AA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP
m. RNA – Proteins (amino acids) � Translation �Your amino acid strand should read this m. RNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAA AA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP Every amino acid sequence (protein strand) has a start codon (AUG) and a stop codon (UAA, etc. ) This is telling where protein synthesis STARTS, and STOPS
Practice Work (keep in notebooks) On your own paper, Practice DNA replication 1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC 2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT 3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAG 4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA
Practice work (keep in notebooks) � Practice Protein Synthesis (change each strand to m. RNA , THEN to Proteins). 1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC 2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT 3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAG 4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA
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