DNA to Proteins Protein Synthesis making proteins DNA

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DNA to Proteins Protein Synthesis (making proteins)

DNA to Proteins Protein Synthesis (making proteins)

DNA – RNA - Proteins � This is called the genetic code (or Protein

DNA – RNA - Proteins � This is called the genetic code (or Protein Synthesis) � Also known as the ‘Central Dogma’ � The DNA inside of the Nucleus gives the RNA instructions for making Proteins. � Since the DNA cannot leave the nucleus, the m. RNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.

Changing DNA - RNA � Changing DNA – RNA is called “TRANSCRIPTION” � To

Changing DNA - RNA � Changing DNA – RNA is called “TRANSCRIPTION” � To ‘transcribe’ is to ‘re-write’ something. � This means there will be a change in base pairing. � A=U (this is different, no THYMINE in RNA) � C=G (this is the same)

Transcribe the DNA to RNA � Practice Transcription AAA – TAG – GAT –

Transcribe the DNA to RNA � Practice Transcription AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT

Transcribe the DNA to m. RNA � Practice Transcription-answer = AAA – TAG –

Transcribe the DNA to m. RNA � Practice Transcription-answer = AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT m. RNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA - UAA DNA Remember: There is no T (thymine) in RNA; instead there is U (uracil) The series of 3 bases is called a triplet or CODONS

m. RNA – Proteins (amino acids) � Messenger RNA (m. RNA) being translated into

m. RNA – Proteins (amino acids) � Messenger RNA (m. RNA) being translated into an amino acid is called TRANSLATION. � You will need page 292 of the blue Glencoe Textbooks for the Amino Acid Codon Chart

m. RNA – Proteins (Amino Acid) � Translate the m. RNA to Amino Acids

m. RNA – Proteins (Amino Acid) � Translate the m. RNA to Amino Acids � You will need the chart on page 292 in blue text books m. RNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAA AA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP

m. RNA – Proteins (amino acids) � Translation �Your amino acid strand should read

m. RNA – Proteins (amino acids) � Translation �Your amino acid strand should read this m. RNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAA AA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP Every amino acid sequence (protein strand) has a start codon (AUG) and a stop codon (UAA, etc. ) This is telling where protein synthesis STARTS, and STOPS

Practice Work (keep in notebooks) On your own paper, Practice DNA replication 1. ATA

Practice Work (keep in notebooks) On your own paper, Practice DNA replication 1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC 2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT 3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAG 4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA

Practice work (keep in notebooks) � Practice Protein Synthesis (change each strand to m.

Practice work (keep in notebooks) � Practice Protein Synthesis (change each strand to m. RNA , THEN to Proteins). 1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC 2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT 3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAG 4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA

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