DNA Structure Deoxyribonucleic acid is DNA DNAs backbone

DNA Structure • Deoxyribonucleic acid- is DNA • DNA’s backbone is made of a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate • The inside of DNA is made of 4 bases (A, T, G, C) • DNA is held together by hydrogen bonds

DNA Structure-Bases

DNA Structure-Chromosomes • The DNA is coiled in the nucleus in structures called chromosomes

Chromosome Structure

DNA Replication • DNA must be passed from cell to cell. • The copying of DNA is called replication • Once the entire process is complete two identical strands of DNA are formed.

DNA Replication

Steps of DNA Replication • STEP 1: • DNA is unwound and hydrogen bonds are broken apart by the enzyme DNA helicase • STEP 2: • Two strands are separated by the enzyme DNA polymerase.

Steps of DNA Replication • STEP 3: • Complementary base pairs are brought to the original strand from the opposite end (antiparallel) • STEP 4: • DNA molecules are one part old strand one part new strand. (AKA semiconservative replication) • STEP 5: • Two identical strands of DNA are

DNA Replication Video • DNA replication is important, why? • DNA Replication video

DNA Foldable • Fold paper into the shutter fold. • Color the DNA molecule pieces: – One color for phosphates – One color for deoxyribose sugar – One color for adenine – One color for thymine – One color for cytosine – One color for guanine – THE COLORS ALL NEED TO BE DIFFERENT!!!

DNA Foldable • Cut out the molecules. – Pay attention to detail NEATNESS count! – Sequence must start ATG but the rest of the molecule is up to you. Make sure you do not match with any one else in class or you will receive a zero! – Using a piece of a post it, use the post it to represent a hydrogen base. – Add another color post it to represent DNA helicase and DNA polymerase.

DNA Foldable • Inside the flaps, match up the appropriate base pairs to make a complementary strand for each of side of the DNA. • On the right hand flap, write the steps of DNA