DNA RNA 1 DNA Basics 2 DNA Structure
DNA & RNA 1) DNA Basics 2) DNA Structure & Function 3) DNA Replication 4) RNA Structure & Function 5) Comparing DNA & RNA
Organization of DNA inside the cell: Cell Nucleus Chromosome DNA Genes (top) • DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid, and is the instructions for making proteins. • DNA is stored in the nucleus. It is wrapped tightly around proteins called histones to form structures called chromosomes. • DNA contains many genes, each controlling the production of one protein. 1) DNA Basics (bottom)
STRUCTURE of DNA: Shade or circle the following parts in the given color: • • • Green= Phosphate Group Red= Sugar Blue=Nitrogenous bases Yellow=Nucleotide Purple= Sugar. Phosphate backbone DNA has a DOUBLE HELIX shape!!! 2) DNA Structure & Function (top)
FUNCTION of DNA: DNA stores the genetic material. • internal code of nitrogenous bases • double stranded sugar-phosphate backbone protect the code • coiled tightly to allow for more surface area meaning more room to store genetic code DNA passes traits to the next generation. • nitrogen bases are complementary • A and T pair together • G and C pair together • weak hydrogen bonds hold bases together- allow for ease during replication 2) DNA Structure & Function (bottom)
DNA Replication #1 Color the following in picture #1: • Green= Parent Strand • Yellow= Complementary Strand Outline the following: in picture #2: #2 3) DNA Replication (top) • Red = Leading stran d • Blue = Lagging
LEADING STRAND 1. DNA unwinds with help of an enzyme, helicase, this breaks weak hydrogen bonds between bases 5. DNA Termination 6. DNA repairs itself 2. The enzyme primase attached to the parent strand, this helps bind (attach) new nucleotides 4. DNA primers are removed & DNA ligase adds sugars and phosphates in gaps made by fragments 3) DNA Replication (bottom) 3. Elongation enzyme DNA polymerase reads template strand continuously adds new nucleotides that are complementary to the parent strand LAGGING STRAND 3. DNA primase adds more primers, DNA is elongated in short segments (Okazki fragments) by DNA polymerase.
Types of RNA: m. RNA t. RNA 4) RNA Structure & Function (top) r. RNA
Type of RNA: Function: m. RNA “messenger” • r. RNA “ribosomal” • t. RNA “transfer” • makes a copy of DNA in the nucleus • travels from nucleus cytoplasm ribosome • bases in m. RNA are read in sets of 3 bases called codons “home” of protein synthesis= m. RNA brings code, t. RNA brings amino acids and r. RNA puts the two together to make protein gathers amino acids • travels to the ribosome • contains a set of 3 bases in t. RNA (anticodon) 4) RNA Structure & Function (top)
5) Comparing DNA & RNA (top)
n Draw & Complete the following Venn Diagram: DNA 5) Comparing DNA & RNA (bottom) RNA
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