DNA Protein Synthesis Mutations Vocab and Review Questions
DNA, Protein Synthesis, Mutations Vocab and Review Questions 3. 1 -3. 3
DNA and Protein Synthesis Vocab: n n n n n DNA helicase DNA polymerase RNA polymerase m. RNA r. RNA t. RNA Transcription Translation Nitrogen bases Cytosine n n n n n Adenine Guanine Uracil Thymine RNA splicing Deletion Insertion Mutation Substitution Chromosomal mutations n n n n n Codon Genes Anticodon DNA Introns Exons DNA Replication Chromosome Semiconservative
1. ) Which of the following best describes the result of a mutation in an organism's DNA? (3. 3) A. B. C. D. The mutation may produce a zygote. The mutation may cause phenotypic change. The mutation causes damage when it occurs. The mutation creates entirely new organisms.
1. ) Which of the following best describes the result of a mutation in an organism's DNA? (3. 3) A. B. C. D. The mutation may produce a zygote. The mutation may cause phenotypic change. The mutation causes damage when it occurs. The mutation creates entirely new organisms.
2. ) Which of the following is the product of transcription? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. DNA RNA polymerase t. RNA m. RNA
2. ) Which of the following is the product of transcription? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. DNA RNA polymerase t. RNA m. RNA
3. ) A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances? (3. 1) A. B. C. D. adenine, guanine, and cytosine hydrogen, a phosphate group, and adenine ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
3. ) A single nucleotide of DNA is composed of which of the following substances? (3. 1) A. B. C. D. adenine, guanine, and cytosine hydrogen, a phosphate group, and adenine ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
4. ) In phenylketonuria (PKU), an enzyme that converts one amino acid into another does not work properly. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this genetic condition? (3. 3) A. B. C. D. an error in the transcription of the gene for the enzyme a mutation in the DNA sequence that codes for the enzyme an excess of the amino acids necessary to produce the enzyme a structural variation in the amino acid modified by the enzyme
4. ) In phenylketonuria (PKU), an enzyme that converts one amino acid into another does not work properly. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this genetic condition? (3. 3) A. B. C. D. an error in the transcription of the gene for the enzyme a mutation in the DNA sequence that codes for the enzyme an excess of the amino acids necessary to produce the enzyme a structural variation in the amino acid modified by the enzyme
5. ) RNA is made up of which four nucleotides in a chain? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine Thymine, adenine, cytosine, glucose Uracil, april, cytosine, guanine Uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine
5. ) RNA is made up of which four nucleotides in a chain? A. B. C. D. Thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine Thymine, adenine, cytosine, glucose Uracil, april, cytosine, guanine Uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine
6. ) In the 1940 s and 1950 s, scientists did experiments to determine the molecule responsible for heredity. Their experiments demonstrated that the molecule that encodes and transmits information in organisms is (3. 1) A. B. C. D. DNA. glucosamine. insulin. vitamin D.
6. ) In the 1940 s and 1950 s, scientists did experiments to determine the molecule responsible for heredity. Their experiments demonstrated that the molecule that encodes and transmits information in organisms is (3. 1) A. B. C. D. DNA. glucosamine. insulin. vitamin D.
7. )The mold Aspergillus flavus grows on grain. A. flavus produces a toxin that binds to DNA in the bodies of animals that eat the grain. The binding of the toxin to DNA blocks transcription, so it directly interferes with the ability of an animal cell to do which of the following? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. transport glucose across the cell membrane into the cytoplasm produce ATP using energy released from glucose and other nutrients transfer proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi complexes send protein-building instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and ribosomes
7. )The mold Aspergillus flavus grows on grain. A. flavus produces a toxin that binds to DNA in the bodies of animals that eat the grain. The binding of the toxin to DNA blocks transcription, so it directly interferes with the ability of an animal cell to do which of the following? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. transport glucose across the cell membrane into the cytoplasm produce ATP using energy released from glucose and other nutrients transfer proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi complexes send protein-building instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and ribosomes
8. ) Which of the following are the reactants for the process of translation? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. RNA Polymerase, m. RNA and DNA Helicase m. RNA, t. RNA, and r. RNA Amino acids, polypeptides, m. RNA DNA, RNA Polymerase and m. RNA
8. ) Which of the following are the reactants for the process of translation? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. RNA Polymerase, m. RNA and DNA Helicase m. RNA, t. RNA, and r. RNA Amino acids, polypeptides, m. RNA DNA, RNA Polymerase and m. RNA
9. ) Which of the following statements describes a DNA molecule? (3. 1) A. It contains the base uracil. B. It has a double helix shape. It contains five phosphate groups per C. nucleotide. It has a backbone of twenty different D. nucleotides.
9. ) Which of the following statements describes a DNA molecule? (3. 1) A. It contains the base uracil. B. It has a double helix shape. It contains five phosphate groups per C. nucleotide. It has a backbone of twenty different D. nucleotides.
10. )Which of the following are the correct reactants for transcription? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. DNA, m. RNA, and amino acids DNA, r. RNA, and t. RNA DNA, RNA polymerase m. RNA, t. RNA, r. RNA
10. )Which of the following are the correct reactants for transcription? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. DNA, m. RNA, and amino acids DNA, r. RNA, and t. RNA DNA, RNA polymerase m. RNA, t. RNA, r. RNA
11. ) Fireflies produce light inside their bodies. The enzyme luciferase is involved in the reaction that produces the light. Scientists have isolated the luciferase gene. If these cells produce light, the scientist knows that which of the following occurred? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. The luciferase gene was transcribed and translated. The luciferase gene mutated inside the cells. The luciferase gene destroyed the original genes of the cells. The luciferase gene moved from the
11. ) Fireflies produce light inside their bodies. The enzyme luciferase is involved in the reaction that produces the light. Scientists have isolated the luciferase gene. If these cells produce light, the scientist knows that which of the following occurred? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. The luciferase gene was transcribed and translated. The luciferase gene mutated inside the cells. The luciferase gene destroyed the original genes of the cells. The luciferase gene moved from the
12. ) Which of the following is the product from the process of translation? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. m. RNA t. RNA Nucleotide chain Amino acid chain
12. ) Which of the following is the product from the process of translation? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. m. RNA t. RNA Nucleotide chain Amino acid chain
13. ) Which of the following describes the function of DNA? (3. 1) A. encoding genetic information B. storing energy in chemical bonds C. speeding up biochemical reactions destroying substances that enter the D. cell
13. ) Which of the following describes the function of DNA? (3. 1) A. encoding genetic information B. storing energy in chemical bonds C. speeding up biochemical reactions destroying substances that enter the D. cell
14. ) Which of the following processes occurs in the nucleus? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Protein Synthesis Translation Hydrolysis Transcription
14. ) Which of the following processes occurs in the nucleus? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Protein Synthesis Translation Hydrolysis Transcription
15. ) During RNA splicing an immature RNA strand has which parts removed before it can be called a mature RNA strand? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Exons Amino acids Introns nucleotides
15. ) During RNA splicing an immature RNA strand has which parts removed before it can be called a mature RNA strand? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Exons Amino acids Introns nucleotides
16. ) Which mutation involves a piece breaking off the chromosomes? (3. 3) a. ) Deletion b. ) duplication c. ) translocation d. ) Inversion
16. ) Which mutation involves a piece breaking off the chromosomes? (3. 3) a. ) Deletion b. ) duplication c. ) translocation d. ) Inversion
17. ) Which type of cell must contain a mutation in order for the mutation to be passed from a woman to her offspring? (3. 3) a. ) blood cell b. ) brain cell c. ) egg cell d. ) skin cell
17. ) Which type of cell must contain a mutation in order for the mutation to be passed from a woman to her offspring? (3. 3) a. ) blood cell b. ) brain cell c. ) egg cell d. ) skin cell
18. ) Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. The hemoglobin molecules produced by some people have one specific amino acid that is different from the amino acid at that position in normal hemoglobin. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this amino acid variation? (3. 3) A. B. C. D. The hemoglobin gene contains a mutation An error occurs during the folding of the hemoglobin protein Enzymes replace the amino acid once the hemoglobin in produced An additional amino acid is mistakenly inserted into the hemoglobin during translation
18. ) Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. The hemoglobin molecules produced by some people have one specific amino acid that is different from the amino acid at that position in normal hemoglobin. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this amino acid variation? (3. 3) A. B. C. D. The hemoglobin gene contains a mutation An error occurs during the folding of the hemoglobin protein Enzymes replace the amino acid once the hemoglobin in produced An additional amino acid is mistakenly inserted into the hemoglobin during translation
19. ) The diagram below represents the beginning and end products of a process that occurs in the nucleus of a cell. Which process does the diagram represent? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Recombination Replication Transcription translation
19. ) The diagram below represents the beginning and end products of a process that occurs in the nucleus of a cell. Which process does the diagram represent? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Recombination Replication Transcription translation
20. ) A laboratory technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) produces millions of copies of a DNA molecule in only a few hours. PCR is most similar to which of the following cellular processes? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Mitosis Replication Transcription translation
20. ) A laboratory technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) produces millions of copies of a DNA molecule in only a few hours. PCR is most similar to which of the following cellular processes? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Mitosis Replication Transcription translation
21. ) Individuals with one form of lactose intolerance do not produce the enzyme lactase because the gene coding for the production of lactase is shut off in their cells. This means that which of the following processes does not occur for the gene? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Hydrogenation Mutation Replication transcription
21. ) Individuals with one form of lactose intolerance do not produce the enzyme lactase because the gene coding for the production of lactase is shut off in their cells. This means that which of the following processes does not occur for the gene? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Hydrogenation Mutation Replication transcription
22. ) Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (3. 1) A. amino acids B. fatty acids C. nucleotides D. polysaccharides
22. ) Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (3. 1) A. amino acids B. fatty acids C. nucleotides D. polysaccharides
23. ) The diagram on the next slide represents part of a process that occurs in cells. Which process is represented? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. meiosis osmosis replication translation
23. ) The diagram on the next slide represents part of a process that occurs in cells. Which process is represented? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. meiosis osmosis replication translation
24. ) In a molecule of doublestranded DNA, the amount of adenine present is always equal to the amount of (3. 1) A. cytosine. B. guanine. C. thymine. D. uracil.
24. ) In a molecule of doublestranded DNA, the amount of adenine present is always equal to the amount of (3. 1) A. cytosine. B. guanine. C. thymine. D. uracil.
25. ) Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Protein Synthesis Translation Hydrolysis Transcription
25. ) Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Protein Synthesis Translation Hydrolysis Transcription
26. ) Transfer RNA carries over which of the following to the Ribosomal RNA? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Anti-codon Codon Amino acid m. RNA
26. ) Transfer RNA carries over which of the following to the Ribosomal RNA? (3. 2) A. B. C. D. Anti-codon Codon Amino acid m. RNA
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