DNA Gene Mutations What is a gene mutation

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DNA (Gene) Mutations

DNA (Gene) Mutations

What is a gene mutation? © Often times, parts of DNA will have a

What is a gene mutation? © Often times, parts of DNA will have a base (or more) missing, added, or incorrect

How common are mutations? ©Mutation occurs at a frequency of about 1 in every

How common are mutations? ©Mutation occurs at a frequency of about 1 in every 1 billion base pairs ©Everybody has about 6 mutations in each cell in their body!

If I have that many mutations, why don’t I look weird? ©Mutations are not

If I have that many mutations, why don’t I look weird? ©Mutations are not always seen. Every part of your DNA doesn’t make a protein or trait.

The most common types of gene mutations are: ©Substitution ©Insertion ©Deletion

The most common types of gene mutations are: ©Substitution ©Insertion ©Deletion

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA –

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TGC - TTC What has happened to the normal DNA?

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA –

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TGC - TTC *Adenine was accidentally replaced with thymine *What is this mutation called?

Substitution Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TGC -

Substitution Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TGC - TTC What will happen to the amino acids?

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA –

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TAG – CAT - C What has happened to the normal DNA?

DNA (Gene) Mutations Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA –

DNA (Gene) Mutations Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TAG – CAT - C *Adenine was inserted, causing the remaining DNA to shift to the right *What is this mutation called?

Insertion (frameshift) Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TAG

Insertion (frameshift) Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TAG – CAT - C What will happen to the amino acids?

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA –

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TCA- TC What has happened to the normal DNA?

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA –

DNA (Gene) Mutation Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TCA- TC *Guanine was removed, causing the remaining DNA to shift to the left *What is this mutation called?

Deletion (Frameshift) Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TCA-

Deletion (Frameshift) Normal DNA: CGA – TGC – ATC Mutated DNA: CGA – TCA- TC What will happen to the amino acids?

Review • What causes mutations? Many mutations occur naturally (during DNA replication) Many mutations

Review • What causes mutations? Many mutations occur naturally (during DNA replication) Many mutations are caused by mutagens (UV light, exposure to chemicals, radiation, etc. ) • What happens to a person who has a mutation? The mutation may be harmless (if it’s in junk DNA) Some mutations can cause disorders

Review • Which mutation would have the least effect on an organism? Substitution mutations

Review • Which mutation would have the least effect on an organism? Substitution mutations have the least effect, because they only affect ONE amino acid. • When would a mutation have the most effect on an organism? Insertion and deletion mutations affect ALL proteins after the mutation. Also, mutations in egg and sperm can cause problems in offspring, whereas mutations in body cells only causes problems for that individual.

Review • Do mutations get passed on to offspring? Only if the mutation ends

Review • Do mutations get passed on to offspring? Only if the mutation ends up in the egg or sperm. Mutations in body cells only affect the individual- not his/her children.

Review. Chromosomal Mutations ©Any change in the DNA sequence is known as a mutation

Review. Chromosomal Mutations ©Any change in the DNA sequence is known as a mutation ©Point mutations are changes in a single base pair in DNA ©Frameshift mutations are the insertion or deletion of a single base causing the sequence to shift one way or the other

Review. Chromosomal Mutations

Review. Chromosomal Mutations

Great Websites ©http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/i ndex. html ©http: //www. dnaftb. org/dnaftb/22/animati on/animation. html

Great Websites ©http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/i ndex. html ©http: //www. dnaftb. org/dnaftb/22/animati on/animation. html ©http: //www. biology. clc. uc. edu/courses/ bio 104/dna. htm ©http: //www. johnkyrk. com/DNAanatomy. html

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