DNA DNA is read from 5 end DNA

DNA

DNA is read from 5’ end

DNA close up

Central Dogma

Symbol 3 -letter -------A C D E F G H I K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y * Ala Cys Asp Glu Phe Gly His Ile Lys Leu Met Asn Pro Gln Arg Ser Thr Val Trp Xxx Tyr End Meaning ------- Codons ------ Alanine Cysteine Aspartic Glutamic Phenylalanine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Lysine Leucine Methionine Asparagine Proline Glutamine Arginine Serine Threonine Valine Tryptophan Unknown Tyrosine Terminator GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG TGT, TGC GAT, GAC GAA, GAG TTT, TTC GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG CAT, CAC ATT, ATC, ATA AAA, AAG TTG, TTA, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG AAT, AAC CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG CAA, CAG CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG TGG TAT, TAC TAA, TAG, TGA

Binding of RNA polymerase at start of transcription

Transcription

Transcription (con’t)

Transcription complete

t. RNA

Translation

E. coli d. UTPase MKKIDVKILDPRVGKEFPLPTYATSGSAGLDLRACLNDAVELAPGDTTLVPTGLA IHIADPSLAAMMLPRSGLGHKHGIVLGNLVGLIDSDYQGQLMISVWNRGQDSFTI QPGERIAQMIFVPVVQAEFNLVEDFDATDRGEGGFGHSGRQ 1 61 121 181 241 301 361 421 atgaaaaaaa acttatgcca gaactggctc ccttcactgg cttggtaacc tggaaccgtg tttgttccgg ggtgaaggcg tcgacgttaa cctctggctc cgggtgacac cggcaatgat tggtaggatt gtcaggacag tagtacaggc gctttggtca gattctggac tgccggactt tacgctggtt gctgccgcgc gatcgattct cttcaccatt tgaatttaat ctctggtcgt ccgcgcgttg gacctgcgtg ccgaccgggc tccggattgg gactatcagg caacctggcg ctggtggaag cagtaa ggaatt cctgtctcaa tggcgattca gacataagca gccagttgat aacgcatcgc atttcgacgc tccgctcccg cgacgccgta tattgccgat cggtatcgtg gatttccgtg ccagatgatt caccgc

Polysomal translation

lac operon

Regulatory gene, i, codes for repressor protein

Can also have enhancers