DNA DNA is often called the blueprint of
DNA • DNA is often called the blueprint of life. • In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.
Chromosomes and DNA • Our genes are on our chromosomes. • Chromosomes are made up of a chemical called DNA.
DNA by the Numbers • Each cell has about 2 m of DNA. • The average human has 75 trillion cells. • The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times. The earth is 150 billion m or 93 million miles from • DNA has a diameter of the sun. only 0. 00002 m.
• DNA is copied during the S or synthesis phase of interphase • Nucleus of eukaryotes • New cells will need identical DNA strands DNA replication takes place in the S phase G 1 interphase Mitosis -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase G 2
DNA Replication • Begins at Origins of Replication • Two strands open forming Replication Forks (Y-shaped region) • New strands grow at the forks 5’ Parental DNA Molecule 3’ 3’ Replication Fork 5’
Animation
Animation
m. RNA Strand Asparagine - Glutamine - Threonine
Amino Acids in the cytoplasm Nucleus on the i t a c epli during R DNA copied rphase ts nte e i g f o DNA phase S- A N R t Transcript ion m. RNA & t. R NA get mad e from the DN A base sequence m. R t. RNA attached to an amino acid NA Ribosome Translation Protein synthesis Polypeptide chain (Protein)
Mutations
DNA Fingerprinting
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