DNA Discovery to Today Griffiths Experiments Averys Discovery

Avery’s Discovery • In 1944 Oswald Avery did a follow-up experiment to Griffith’s experiment

DNA! • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • The genetic material that allows for traits to

What was known: • From previous research it was know that DNA was a

But how exactly are nucleotides put together? What is the Structure of DNA?

Rosalind Franklin • British Scientist who in the 1950 ies was the first to

Franklin’s Experiments • She fired X-rays at DNA, and looked at how the X-rays

Clues… • She didn’t yet know the structure of DNA, but she started to

Watson and Crick • Francis Crick a British physicist and Janmes Watson an American

Their Work • They used molecular models to try and figure out the structure

The Double Helix • There are two strands of DNA which spiral around each

DNA the code for life • The same structure of DNA is found in

DNA codes for Proteins • DNA is the blueprint or building plan for proteins.

Plan for the next few classes: • DNA Structure • DNA Replication • Protein

DNA Timeline http: //www. dnai. org/timeline/

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DNA: Discovery to Today

Griffith’s Experiments

Avery’s Discovery • In 1944 Oswald Avery did a follow-up experiment to Griffith’s experiment with the bacteria and rats. • His findings:

DNA! • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • The genetic material that allows for traits to be passed from one generation to the next

What was known: • From previous research it was know that DNA was a large molecule made of smaller building blocks called nucleotides. One nucleotide:

But how exactly are nucleotides put together? What is the Structure of DNA?

Rosalind Franklin • British Scientist who in the 1950 ies was the first to find a clue to what the structure of DNA looked like.

Franklin’s Experiments • She fired X-rays at DNA, and looked at how the X-rays scattered to learn about DNA’s structure.

Clues… • She didn’t yet know the structure of DNA, but she started to see patterns that would provides valuable information for future research

Watson and Crick • Francis Crick a British physicist and Janmes Watson an American biologist • Won the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the structure of DNA

Their Work • They used molecular models to try and figure out the structure of DNA • They were stuck for some time, until one day in 1953 someone showed Watson a picture of Rosalind Franklin’s X-Ray diffractions of DNA • And then it all came together…. .

The Double Helix • There are two strands of DNA which spiral around each other. • Each strand is a long chain of nucleotides.

DNA the code for life • The same structure of DNA is found in every single living organism including animals, plants, fungi and bacteria • It is the Universal code that is used to transfer common traits from one generation to the next

DNA codes for Proteins • DNA is the blueprint or building plan for proteins. • All cells contain their own library of DNA which allows them to make proteins. • All living things are made of proteins, we need them in all our cells to move molecules around and to act as catalysts for chemical reactions in our bodies

Plan for the next few classes: • DNA Structure • DNA Replication • Protein Synthesis

DNA Timeline http: //www. dnai. org/timeline/