DNA Biotechnology Chapter 13 Applying Genetics Name some

DNA Biotechnology Chapter 13

Applying Genetics • Name some Dog breeds…

Terms: – Selective breeding • Domestication – Hybridization – Inbreeding • Purebreds – increased recessive traits Is selective breeding a form of genetic engineering?

Products of Genetic Engineering – Transgenic organisms (a. k. a. GMOs) – Gene therapy – STEM Cells tissues/organs – Clones – DNA Fingerprinting – 100% reliable identification – Protein/Hormone Synthesis = Medicine

How do DNA Technologies help us?

DNA Tools • Recombinant DNA • PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction • Gel Electrophoresis • DNA Sequencing

Recombinant DNA • Restriction Enzymes – genetic scissors • Plasmids – double-stranded circular prokaryotic DNA Example: Golden Rice – Vitamin A enriched

Steps to recombining Bacterial DNA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Isolate gene (from organism with desired trait) Prepare plasmid (from bacteria) Open plasmid with restriction enzymes Insert gene into plasmid TRANSFORMATION – cell uptakes exogenous DNA WHY? Transformed bacterial cell used to… 1: Produce gene product: Hormone/protein 2: Gene Cloning - Clone gene by reproduction of bacteria

… Ex p u ess o y w Proc o N he t n i la

GENE INSERTION into Eukaryotes… HOW? What are 2 possible methods of gene insertion to create a transgenic organism?

Creating GMOs or Transgenic Organisms Insert Gene into target organism (transgenic) Animals - Microinjection - Viral Vectors Plants - Agrobacterium-mediated recombination - biolistics – “gene-gun”

GMOs – transgenic organisms Opinions? FOOD Inc. Interview

EYES OF NYE: GMOs Biology Name _______ Video: Bill Nye Genetically Modified Foods: Benefits and Risks Date ____ Per ___ 1. In the United States, grocery shelves are filled with ___________ foods. An example would be ___________. 2. Can you take a gene from a fish and put it into a tomato? _______ 3. If genes provide instructions to build a living thing, what happens if you change one of the genes? 4. True or false: Most if the food you eat CANNOT be found in nature. _____ 5. What was the difference between the two papayas? 6. What does transgenic mean? 7. “Agro-chemical companies created Golden Rice, a genetically modified species of rice, to help fight ________________ on developing countries. ” 8. BT corn crops take proteins from _______ to help fight certain insects. 9. When are you eating genetically modified foods? What are some examples of genetically modified foods used in many products which you commonly eat every day? a. b. c. 10. What are three things Nye suggests for the human race: a. Lets farm _____________ b. Lets require _______________________ c. And lets carefully _______ these foods case by case. 11. Do you think genetically modified foods have more risks or benefits and are comfortable eating genetically modified foods (like fish genes in tomatoes or bacteria proteins in corn)? Summary:

Genetic Engineering Extension Paper Genetic Engineering Extension Assignment Using the internet, magazines or books, research one impressive application of genetic engineering from the last 10 years (2006 -2016). Try not to just pick the weird ones but one that has had positive impacts on the world. *HINT: Try searching “recent examples of genetic engineering. ” After selecting your example of GE applications, complete the following tasks: 1. On the first line of your paper write the name of the organism that was being studied or worked with. (Species: _______) 2. On the second line write the name of the main genetic engineering technique that was used. (GE Technique: ________) 3. Write a paragraph (~150 words/4 -5 sentences) describing the details of the work and what you learned. 4. Write the source(s) of your information. There must be enough information in your citation for anyone to be able to find the source again. 5. Tell your parents or some other adult what you researched and why it is impressive to you. Ask them what their opinion is of genetic engineering. Summarize their response into 2 -3 sentences.

FOLLOW-UP Genetic Engineering Extension Paper • Speed Dating! Purpose: to share what we learned with our classmates.

PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction Taq Polymerase

How was Taq polymerase different than DNA polymerase in human cells?

DNA Finger Printing • Forensics - Criminology • Paternity Testing • Genealogy – What are you?

DNA Fingerprinting = Comparing DNA Method/Tool = Gel Electrophoresis

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

DNA Fingerprinting 3 techniques… What Technique?

Paternity Testing… most common use. $ $ $ *The more loci/sites compared, the stronger the data for or against.

DNA Sequencing • Frank Sanger • “Whole Shotgun” approach

DNA Sequencing - Genomics Current List (not complete)… 11 animals sequenced in 2015!

SMARTStarter / Review • What is the difference between the shotgun approach and a “gene-gun”?

Gene Therapy

Why do STEM cells get so much attention? Write what you’ve heard about Stem Cells

How do cells Specialize? Differentiation occurs early in the embryonic development.

Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning

Ethics. • Watch Gattaca. • Scientific America: Are we getting too close?

Smart. STARTER • Name some Dog breeds…

Biotech Quiz • Use this to prepare: Quizlet • 13. 2 terms (11) Quizlet

Practice Quiz.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10.

CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

MOVIES FOR SCIENCE • Gattacca and Science – Article • Movies that teach science Gattaca Food Inc The Island Jurassic Park/World Extraordinary Measures

Ethics. • Watch Gattaca. • Scientific America: Are we getting too close?