DNA and RNA Nucleotides l DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA

Nucleotides l DNA and RNA are composed of several nucleotides. l A nucleotide contains a sugar, a phospate and a nitrogenous base (A, U (rna), T, C, or G)

Backbone structure of RNA & DNA l Both backbones of DNA & RNA are composed of repeated sequences of sugars (deoxyribose or ribose) and phosphates

l DNA = Deoxyribo. Nucleic Acid l RNA = Ribo. Nucleic Acid

About DNA l Double stranded (2 strands) l Four bases (A, T, C, G: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine) l A&T are always paired; G&C are always paired l Double helix shaped l Deoxyribose (sugar)

DNA l Chemical substance in all living things l Controls the functions of cells l Located in the _____. l DNA controls what cells will become (specialize), and what type of organism will be produced (human, bird, etc)

About RNA l Single stranded (1 strand) l Protein synthesis l Four bases A, U, C, and G l U = Uracil l A & U are always paired; G&C are always paired l Ribose (sugar)

Types of RNA l m. RNA (messenger RNA): brings instructions from DNA inside of the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Types of RNA l r. RNA (ribosomal RNA): uses instructions from the m. RNA to assemble amino acids l t. RNA (Transfer RNA): transfers amino acids to the ribosomes so that they can make PROTEINS.

The Central Dogma l. DNA→RNA→Proteins l. The flow of information goes from DNA to RNA, and finally to proteins.

Transcription l. A double stranded DNA helix unzips and a single strand of m. RNA is created. l Refer to p. 290 -291

Translation l When the nitrogenous bases (A, U, C, and G) from m. RNA are converted into amino acids that will later make proteins.