DLB for Ethiopia Justification and the way forward
DLB for Ethiopia: Justification and the way forward Firew Mekbib (Ph. D) 1
Importance of Agriculture in Ethiopia • Ethiopia: has a population of 103 million people • Agriculture contributes – 50% of GDP, – 85% of employment (the rural population of Ethiopia), – 90% 0 f earnings from export, and – 70% of raw material requirements for large and medium industries which are agro-processing • Over 80 million people in the agriculture value chains 2
History of Plant Breeding in Ethiopia • Farmer breeding since crop domestication – Some of the crops (orphan) still left for farmer breeding • Formal Breeding began in 1950 • Done by – Federal Research Organizations • EIAR • Universities – Regional Research Organizations • Closer to 1200 varieties released 3
Released/Registered varieties in Ethiopia 4
• National or Regional Variety Trials • 3 -5 locations over 2 -3 seasons Step 1 • VCU and DUS • Variety Verification Trials for TC evaluation • Plot size of 100 m 2 • 6 locations: 3 on-station and 3 on-farm (check Step 2 the regulation) Step 3 • TC will submit the report to NVRC and decision will be made by May of the next year based on: • Variety Trial Performance data evaluation • Variety Verification evaluation • Farmers’ evaluation • Recommendation/Decision 5
Ethiopia’s NVR system • DLB responsive – Fasttrack registration (13%) – Trait based release – Customer deriven – etc 6
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Summary of Released/Registered Varieties until 2017 in Ethiopia Crops Cereals Pulses Oil Crops Tubers, Roots and Vegetables Condiments and medicinal plants Fruit Crops Forage and Pasture Crops Fiber Crops Stimulant Crops (Coffee) TOTAL Released/Registered Varieties 421 224 111 233 49 44 47 30 39 1198 8
No. I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Crops Cereal Crops Tef Bread wheat Durum wheat Triticale Emmer wheat Buck wheat Rice upland type Rice low land Rice irrigated type Maize Sorghum. Finger millet Pear millet Fox tail Food barley Malt barley Quinoa Number of Released Varieties New varieties Released in 2017 35 5 4 5 1 1 4 6 3 1 - Released before 2017 386 37 76 34 8 2 1 19 6 7 64 48 20 1 2 41 20 1 Total 421 42 80 39 9 3 1 19 10 7 70 51 21 1 2 44 21 1 9
No. I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Crops Pules Crops Faba bean Field pea Dekoko Chick pea dessi type Chick pea kabuli types Cowpea Lentil Haricot bean Soybean Grass pea Mung bean Adzuki bean Fenugreek Number of Released Varieties New varieties Released in 2017 before 2017 16 2 5 8 1 208 32 35 2 13 13 6 11 57 26 1 4 1 6 Total 224 34 40 2 13 13 6 11 65 26 1 4 1 7 10
No. I I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Crops Number of Released Varieties New varieties Released in 2017 before 2017 Oil Crops 3 108 Noug 5 Linseed 18 Rapeseed 11 Sesame 3 26 Groundnut 25 Sunflower 16 Safflower 2 Vernonia 1 Castor 2 Camelina 2 Total 111 5 18 11 29 25 16 2 1 2 2 11
No. IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Crops Tubers, Roots and Vegetable Crops Irish potato Sweet potato Taro Cassava Enset Yam Tomato Garlic Onion Shallot Chili pepper Sweet /Hot pepper Cabbage Carrot Lettuce Snap bean Water melon Musk melon Green courgette Yellow courgette Broccoli Cauliflower Red beet Snap pea Snow pea Sweet corn Fine bush bean Number of Released Varieties New varieties Released in 2017 12 1 3 5 1 1 1 - Released before 2017 221 36 25 3 4 6 3 39 7 18 7 6 16 10 2 12 2 5 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 4 Total 233 36 26 3 42 7 23 8 6 17 11 2 12 2 5 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 4 12
. V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Crops Condiments and Medicinal Plants Coriander Black pepper Ginger Turmeric Cardamom Sweet annie Citronella grass Pyrethrum Black cumin White cumin Lemmon grass Peppermint Spear mint Japanese mint African marigold Geranium Chamomile Lemon verbena Stevia Hibiscus Lavender Majoram Sage Rosmary Lemon scented eucalyptus Vanilla Palmarosa Number of Released Varieties New varieties Released in 2017 7 1 1 1 2 2 Released before 2017 42 2 1 1 2 5 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 - Total 49 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 6 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 13
No. VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Crops Fruit Crops Banana. Mango Pineapple Wine Grape Avocado Ziziphus (kurkura) Fig Papaya Peach Date palm Number of Released Varieties New varieties Released in 2017 before 2017 3 41 12 4 1 1 9 6 2 2 3 2 2 - Total 44 12 4 2 9 6 2 2 3 2 2 14
No. VII 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Crops Forage and pasture Tree Lucerne Elephant grass Rhode Panicum Dolicos lablab Phalaries Trifolium Vetch Cow pea Andropogon Pigeon pea Oats Sesbania Pennisetum polystachion Panicum maximum Lupin Alfalfa Pennisetum sphacelatum Perinnial grass Pennisetum glaucifolium Local grass Number of Released Varieties New varieties Released in 2017 9 2 2 3 2 Released before 2017 38 1 1 3 1 1 5 2 1 3 6 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 - Total 47 1 3 1 1 5 2 1 5 6 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 3 2 15
No. VIII 1 2 IX 1 Crops Fiber Crops Cotton Kenaf Stimulants Crops Coffee Grand total Number of Released Varieties New varieties Released in 2017 85 Released before 2017 30 29 1 39 39 1113 Total 30 29 1 39 39 1198 16
Adoption of Improved Varieties 17
Adoption rate of improved varieties of cereals 18
Adoption rate of improved varieties of pulses 19
The two most FAQs in Variety Release in Ethiopia • Why released varieties are not adopted? • Why we need to release more if the PREVIOUS ONES are not adopted? One of the solutions: • DLB in upstream of the value chain 20
Genetic gains from the released varieties 21
Have the genetic gains moved to farmers fields? 22
Seed System in Ethiopia 23
DLB can fit into the three seed system 24
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Number of holders by seed type and grain crop category, main season 2016/17 26
DLB enhances Stakeholders and Innovation Platforms (SIP) functionality Research Distributors Exporters Development (Mo. A, Input suppliers, Extension) SIP Platform Feed Industry Policy Academia Food and Beverage Processors Farmers (organization) 27
NARS of Ethiopia 28
NARS Mo. ANR EIAR RBo. A RARI Mo. E Universities 29
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54 universities 32
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DLB is the deriver of the whole value chain Research and Technology Inputs production and supply On farm production Inputs distribution Postharvest Processing Market access and growth 34
Corridor Components Research DLB Products Consumption Production Processing Distribution 35
Meeting the need of Agro. Industrial Parks (AIP) through DLB value added traits 36
Agricultural Commercialization Cluster 37
DLB is key for deorphaniaztion of neglected crops • • • Minor Local Underutilized Neglected Under researched Under funded 38
Species name Abelmoschus esculentus Aframoum Koririma Amorphophallus abyssinicus Brassica carinata Carthamus tinctorius Carum opticum Catha edulis Cicer arietinum Coccinia abyssinica Coffea arabica Colocosia esculenta Cordeauxia edulis Coriandrum sativum Dioscorea spp. Eleusine coracna Ensete ventricosum Eragrostis tef Guziotia abyssinica Hygenia abyssinica Lathyrus sativus Common name Okra False cardamon Bagana (sidama) Ethiopian mustard Safflower White azmud Chat Chickpea Godere/Taro Coffee Anchote Yeheb-nut Coriander Yam spp Finger millet Ensete Tef Noug Kosso Grasspea 39
Ipomea patatas Lens culinaris Lepidium sativum Linum usitatissimum Lupinus albus Moringa stenopetala Nigella sativa Opuntia ficus-indica Plecthranthus edulis Pisum sativum Rhamnus prinoides Ricinus communis Sesamum indicum Sorghum bicolor Sphenostylis stenocarpa Trigonella foenum-graceum Vernonia galamensis Vicia faba Vigna unguiculata Sweet potato Lentil Crested grass Linseed White lupin Cabbage tree Black cumin Cactus pear Ethiopian potato Field pea Buckthorn Castor bean Sesame Sorghum African Yam Bean Fenugreek Ironweed Faba bean Cowpea 40
Gender disaggregation and mainstreaming in DLB 41
DLB develops varieties that fits into the different livelihood 42
The Way Forward 43
– Policy platforms • Awareness seminars to State Ministers and Directors • Variety Release Board Members (End of Feb 2018 with DNA barcoding for DUS) – Implementation of recently ratified Plant Breeders Right 44
– Institutionalization of DLB v. Research and Development § Research System § Research strategy § Product development approach § SI platforms v. Academia § Integrating in the plant breeding curricula at BSc, MSc and Ph. D § Short-term training on DLB at HU § Integrating DLB in MSc and Ph. D thesis research 45
DLB and the seed sector • PPP • Increased amount of seed produced by ESE, RSE and Universities 46
– The STARTERS • MERCI coordinated by UQ (Product approach in variety development) • Common bean – Scaling up: • To others crops – Integrating DLB into Orphan Crops Improvement 47
Establishment of DLB and Regional Hubs • Haramaya University: National hubs and Regional Hub for Oromia Region • Regional hubs – Amhara Region – Oromia Region – Tigray Region – Other regions hub (Somali, BGZ and Gambella) 48
Training Motto: DLB is a NECESSITY not a LUXURY NARS (120 -150) All women breeders + Mo. ANR EIAR (20 -30) RBo. A Mo. E RARI (50) Universities (50) 49
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