Divergent vs Convergent Development Models Divergent Convergent Drawings

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Divergent vs Convergent Development Models Divergent Convergent Drawings from Tenza-Peral A, García-Barrios L, &

Divergent vs Convergent Development Models Divergent Convergent Drawings from Tenza-Peral A, García-Barrios L, & Giménez A, 2010.

Topics for discussion 1. How does the discussion of convergent and divergent development models

Topics for discussion 1. How does the discussion of convergent and divergent development models fit into the general framework of sustainability science? 2. How does the developing world’s perspective on preferred development scenarios differ from that of the developed world? 3. Are convergent development models more sustainable than divergent models?

Natural Capital, Services and Human Wellbeing The services that flow from landscapes depend on

Natural Capital, Services and Human Wellbeing The services that flow from landscapes depend on how land is used Carpenter et al In: Dasgupta et al

• Natural capital can be used for multiple purposes. How is it balanced

• Natural capital can be used for multiple purposes. How is it balanced between human well being and maintaining life support systems? • Is this a necessary trade-off? Does the convergent model do both better?

An efficient land-use pattern is one that maximizes biodiversity at a given level of

An efficient land-use pattern is one that maximizes biodiversity at a given level of economic return (and vice versa) Polasky et al 2008 “Efficiency frontier” Actual land-use Pattern (1990) Present value of a land-use activity (Billions of dollars)

Life support systems/ Biodiversity Are convergent models closer to the “efficiency frontier” than divergent

Life support systems/ Biodiversity Are convergent models closer to the “efficiency frontier” than divergent models without sacrificing economic/human benefits? Convergent development models “Efficiency frontier” Divergent development models Human well-being/Economic Benefits

Life support systems/ Biodiversity Or do convergent and divergent development models represent different ends

Life support systems/ Biodiversity Or do convergent and divergent development models represent different ends of a trade-off? Convergent development models Divergent development models Human well-being/Economic Benefits

2. How does the developing world’s perspective on preferred development scenarios differ from that

2. How does the developing world’s perspective on preferred development scenarios differ from that of the developed world? • Divergent model stems from patterns resulting from the green revolution. High-input agriculture. Urbanization. Conservation. U. S. model? • Convergent model keeps population dispersed in rural environments, low-input decentralized agriculture, slowed urbanization. Better model for Mexico? • Pressures of globalization vs. local community preferences? • Tropical vs. Temperate?

3. Are convergent development models more sustainable than divergent development models? • E. g.

3. Are convergent development models more sustainable than divergent development models? • E. g. , Mexican coffee plantations • Important temporal dimension – high productivity in short term vs sustained long term productivity