Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Suman Bhunia and Shamik Sengupta

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Outline ØIntroduction ØMotivation ØSome Related Work ØProposed Model ØPerformance Evaluation ØConclusion and Future Work ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 2

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Multi hop ad hoc networks ØAd hoc: Collection of nodes communicating with each other independent of a central infrastructure. ØMultihop: Data traverses through multiple nodes ØApplications include sensor networks, vehicular networks, emergency radio networks in disaster zones, tactical mobile networks, and UAV communications ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 3

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Jamming based Do. S attack ØWireless medium is vulnerable to jamming based denial of service attack. ØAttacker emits jamming signal to create high interference ØJamming a subset of nodes in multihop networks is sufficient for maximal disruption ØDisruption of omnidirectional radios completely disables the node ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 4

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Adaptive Beamforming ICNC 2017 ØSpatial filtering of Tx/Rx ØAdjust the influence of signals received by different array element via controlling the weights of signal streams ØAdaptive Nulling § Weights chosen to suppress signals arriving from certain directions § Filtering sources of interference ØDirection of Arrival (Do. A): § Signal arrives at elements in different times § Estimation of Do. A based on time(phase) difference between elements S Bhunia, S Sengupta 5

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Outline ØIntroduction ØMotivation ØSome Related Work ØProposed Model ØPerformance Evaluation ØConclusion and Future Work ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 6

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Advantage of ANA against jamming ICNC 2017 ØBefore jamming § Shortest path routing §A−B−C−D ØAfter jamming § Omnidirectional • E, B, C deactivated • Avoid entire jammed region • A−F−G−H−I−D § ANA • Null jammer’s direction • A−B−E−C−D • Nodes retain connectivity S Bhunia, S Sengupta 7

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Aims and Objectives ØStudy adaptive beam nulling as a mitigation technique against jamming § Mobile multihop ad hoc network § Mobile jammer ØDevelop distributed framework § Nodes determine beamnull individually § Dynamic control of beamnull direction and width based on jammer’s mobility ØInvestigate survivability of links and connectivity of network ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 8

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Outline ØIntroduction ØMotivation ØSome Related Work ØProposed Model ØPerformance Evaluation ØConclusion and Future Work ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 9

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Defense Against Jamming Ø Channel Surfing § Migrate to a channel upon detection of jamming § Proactive frequency hopping Ø Spatial Retreat § Mobile nodes relocate themselves physically Ø Mapping Jammed Region § Multi-hop and intensely populated network § Avoid jammed links Ø Spread Spectrum § low bandwidth data stream uses higher bandwidth channel Ø Honeypot § single channel honeypot based channel surfing has been proposed § upon detection of attack, the network switches its channel ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 10

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Outline ØIntroduction ØMotivation ØSome Related Work ØProposed Model ØPerformance Evaluation ØConclusion and Future Work ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 11

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks System assumptions Ø Mobile jammer Ø Jamming signal is distinctly recognizable Ø Nodes monitor Do. A of jammer (gr-Do. A by Ettus research) Ø Nodes equipped with antenna arrays and beamforming controllers § Ideal beamformers – 0 gain for nulled regions § Operation time for beamnulling is negligible Ø Do. A estimation and communication occur asynchronously § Periodic sensing between communications Ø Link failure between 2 nodes occurs when: § 2 nodes fall into the jammed region § One node falls within the beamnull of another Ø Mac and upper layers not affected § Jammed nodes assumed to be out of range ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 12

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Methodology Ø ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 13

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Methodology ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 14

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Wide vs. Narrow Nulling ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 15

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Tracking movement of jammer ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 16

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Tracking movement of jammer … ØCharacteristics equations: ØObserved positions ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 17

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Constructing Beam null ØCenter of the circles: ØRadi of the circles: ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 18

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Optimization of beam null Ø ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 19

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Outline ØIntroduction ØMotivation ØSome Related Work ØProposed Model ØPerformance Evaluation ØConclusion and Future Work ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 20

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Simulation Parameters ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 21

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Performance Metrics ØConnectivity § is defined as the total number of connected pairs § ØAverage number of active links § A link is the one hop communication between two neighbors ØAverage number of islands § Number of isolated groups of nodes § For completely connected network, the number of island is 1 ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 22

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Simulation Results ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 23

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Outline ØIntroduction ØMotivation ØSome Related Work ØProposed Model ØPerformance Evaluation ØConclusion and Future Work ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 24

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Conclusion and Future Work ØInvestigated the performance of adaptive beam nulling in multihop ad hoc networks under attack from a moving jammer. ØConnectivity of various network topologies with different mobility patterns of the jammer are studied. ØEffects of varying inherent errors are observed. ØResults demonstrate a significant improvement in survivability of connectivity. ØFuture work: § Cross-layer optimization ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 25

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Acknowledgement ØThis research was supported by NSF CAREER grant CNS #1346600. ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 26

Distributed Adaptive Beam Nulling to Mitigate Jamming in 3 D UAV Mesh Networks Thank You! ICNC 2017 S Bhunia, S Sengupta 27