distance speed x time dvt Speed of sound
- Slides: 50
distance = speed x time d=vt
Speed of sound
340 m/s
Speed of light
300, 000 m/s
transmitter
transmitter sends signals
receiver
receiver replays signals
microphone energy change
microphone Sound electrical
loudspeaker energy change
loudspeaker electrical sound
frequency Number of waves per second
Wavelength l Amplitude
High frequency
Low frequency
High amplitude
Low amplitude
wave speed v
speed = frequency x wavelength v=fl
Radio waves Same speed as light
Aerial Detects radio waves
Tuner Selects one frequency
Decoder Separates the audio signal from the carrier wave
Amplifier Increases amplitude of signal
Electricity supply Provides energy to amplifier
Loudspeaker Changes electrical signal to sound
Radio Transmission Radio frequency wave combined with audio frequency wave
Radio Transmission This is called amplitude modulaton
Amplitude modulation audio radio a. m.
Diffraction Bending round obstacles
Diffraction Long wavelength, low frequency bends more than short wavelength, high frequency
Television aerial tuner decoder (vision) decoder (sound) amplifier TV tube Loudspeaker
Television Line build-up Lines made by electron beam moving backwards and forwards across screen The lines build up to make picture
Television Brightness variation Light areas – many electrons Dark areas – few electrons
Television Image retention 25 pictures per second Eye retains image for short time – pictures seen as moving smoothly
Colour television Three electron guns One to hit red dots One to hit blue dots One to hit green dots
Colour television Colour mixing Red + Blue = Magenta Blue + Green = Cyan Green + Red = Yellow Blue+Green+Red = White
Colour television Colour mixing red magenta yellow white green blue cyan
Reflection Angle of = incidence reflection i=r i mirror r
Refraction air glass
Total Internal Reflection Above a certain angle (the critical angle), the light is reflected. i r
Optical Fibres Used to carry telephone signals. Signal travels at 200, 000 m/s i r
Optical Fibres Advantages (compared to wires) Cheaper, lighter, carry more signals little energy loss i r
Satellites The higher the satellite The longer its period (time for one revolution round the Earth)
Satellites Geostationary satellite Takes 24 hours to make one revolution (stays above same point on Earth’s surface)
Curved Reflectors Large area collects more energy concentrates signal on detector
Curved Reflectors Curved reflector Receiver at the focus
Curved Reflectors Curved reflector transmitter at the focus
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