Disorders of the Urinary System 4 02 Understand

Disorders of the Urinary System 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 1

4. 02 Understand the disorders of the Urinary System Essential Questions ⦿ What are some disorders of the urinary system? ⦿ How are disorders of the urinary system treated? ⦿ How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 2

Disorders of the Urinary System Cystitis ⦿ (cyst= ⦿ medical term for bladder + itis = Inflammation) ⦿Most common cause: E. Coli ⦿What are the major symptoms of cystitis? • Pressure in bladder • Pain upon urination • Frequency 3

Disorders of the Urinary System Cystitis ⦿ More common in females (women and children)—Why ? ? • Most often due to improper wiping – always front to back, never reverse Rx= s c i t o i antib 4

Disorders of the Urinary System Glomerulonephritis ⦿Disease which inflames and injures the glomerulus. ⦿What will happen as a result of damaged glomeruli? • Blood will pass through the tubes and blood will be in the urine, also allows protein to pass through urine. 5

Glomerulonephritis ⦿ Two types: Acute and Chronic • Acute: short term usually after a bacterial infection. • Chronic: occurs when filtration membrane is permanently affected. ⦿ How do these relate to glomerulonephritis symptoms? Acute is short term, chronic is long term ⦿ What is the prognosis for each? • Acute – treated with antibiotic and recovery occurs • Chronic – diminished function of kidney which may lead to kidney failure. 6

Renal calculi Also known as nephrolithiasis nephro - kidney lith - stone iasis - condition What are renal calculi made of? acid crystals and calcium phosphate that clump together to form a stone What are the symptoms? • • pain and nausea chills and fever vomiting and urge to urinate hematuria 7

Disorders of the Urinary System Renal calculi ⦿ What will happen if the ureters are blocked? • Pain happens when the stone starts to move down the urinary tract (ureters) • If blocked the ureters become enlarged putting pressure on the sides of ureters and stretching them • If stone is too large it will block ureter and fluid will back up into the kidney. 8

Disorders of the Urinary System Renal calculi ⦿How is it treated? ● Increase fluids ● Medication to dissolve stones ● Urethroscope ○ Endoscopic procedure to capture and remove stones ● Lithotripsy ○ Ultrasound shock wave 9

Renal calculi ⦿How does lithotripsy work? • Outpatient procedure, lie on exam table with soft, water-filled cushion. • Given light anesthesia and antibiotics. • High-energy shock waves will pass through your body until they reach the kidney stones. The waves will break the stones into very small pieces that can easily be passed through urinary system. ⦿Is it a cure? • No 10

Disorders of the urinary system Renal failure Acute What causes it? Sudden onset because of: shock, injury, bleeding, sudden heart failure, and nephritis 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 11

Renal failure Acute ● What are the symptoms? ○ Oliguria ■ Scant urine ○ Anuria ■ No urine ○ Uremia ■ Waste buildup

Disorders of the Urinary System Renal failure Chronic – gradual loss of nephrons ⦿May be no symptoms in early stages, urinalysis may reveal proteinuria ⦿Why would protein be present in the urine? Glomerulus not functioning correctly ⦿Why is this not normal? • Protein in urine is a sign of damage to nephrons 13

Disorders of the Urinary System Renal Failure ⦿ Chronic kidney disease leads to a buildup of fluid and waste products in the body. ⦿ How are these systems affected by renal failure? 14

Disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure ⦿ How is it treated? • Peritoneal dialysis • What is the process involved in this treatment? 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 15

Disorders of the Urinary System Renal Failure How is it treated? ● Hemodialysis ○ What is hemodialysis? ○ What determines the patient’s treatment schedule? 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 16

Disorders of the Urinary System Renal Failure ⦿Compare the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure. 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 17

Disorders of the Urinary System How does hemodialysis mimic glomerular function? 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 18

Disorders of the Urinary System Renal transplant ⦿ What is involved in this treatment option? ⦿ When does a patient get a transplant? 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 19

Disorders of the Urinary System Renal transplant What is the major complication of renal transplantation? 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 20

4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the Urinary System ⦿ Essential ⦿ What Questions are some disorders of the urinary system? ⦿ How are disorders of the urinary system treated? ⦿ How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4. 02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system 21