Discovery Exploration Commerce Motives Motives for Exploration 1

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Discovery, Exploration, & Commerce

Discovery, Exploration, & Commerce

Motives

Motives

Motives for Exploration 1. God 2. Gold 3. Glory

Motives for Exploration 1. God 2. Gold 3. Glory

Motives #1 – GOD • The CHURCH wanted to: • Stop the spread of

Motives #1 – GOD • The CHURCH wanted to: • Stop the spread of Islam • Spread Christianity

Motive #2 – GOLD • MERCHANTS wanted to: • Find new trade routes to

Motive #2 – GOLD • MERCHANTS wanted to: • Find new trade routes to the East • Make a profit

Motive #3 – GLORY • EUROPEANS wanted to: • Establish colonies & trading posts

Motive #3 – GLORY • EUROPEANS wanted to: • Establish colonies & trading posts throughout the world (competition between nations)

New Technology

New Technology

New Technology • Astrolabe: • An astronomical instrument that was used to determine latitude

New Technology • Astrolabe: • An astronomical instrument that was used to determine latitude

New Technology • Triangular Sails: • Sails that allowed ships to sail AGAINST the

New Technology • Triangular Sails: • Sails that allowed ships to sail AGAINST the wind • Cartography Improvement: • Increasingly precise maps

New Technology • The Caravel: • A small, sturdy & highly maneuverable ship •

New Technology • The Caravel: • A small, sturdy & highly maneuverable ship • Proved to be more effective than previous vessels

The Race is On!

The Race is On!

The Race is On! • At the time the Portuguese were most advanced in

The Race is On! • At the time the Portuguese were most advanced in terms of new sailing technology • Began a national rivalry between Portugal & Spain

The Race is On! • Line of Demarcation (1493): • An imaginary line of

The Race is On! • Line of Demarcation (1493): • An imaginary line of longitude that was established to divide lands claimed by Portugal from those claimed by Spain • Intended to maintain peace

The Race is On! • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): • Moved the Line of

The Race is On! • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): • Moved the Line of Demarcation further to the West due to Portuguese complaints

The Impact of Exploration

The Impact of Exploration

#1 – The Triangular Trade

#1 – The Triangular Trade

#1 – The Triangular Trade • Europe – Africa: weapons, rum & cloth •

#1 – The Triangular Trade • Europe – Africa: weapons, rum & cloth • Africa – Americas: slaves • Americas – Europe: sugar, molasses, cotton, tobacco

#2 – The Middle Passage • Second leg of the Triangle Trade; 6 to

#2 – The Middle Passage • Second leg of the Triangle Trade; 6 to 12 week voyage • Tiny spaces, chained together • Darkness, stench, heat • 1 in 5 did not survive

#2 – The Middle Passage • Died of disease, suffocation or suicide • 20

#2 – The Middle Passage • Died of disease, suffocation or suicide • 20 – 30 million people taken from Africa

Diagram of Slave Ship

Diagram of Slave Ship

#3 – Joint Stock Companies • Merchants who wanted to invest in exploration formed

#3 – Joint Stock Companies • Merchants who wanted to invest in exploration formed Joint Stock Companies • Raised money by combining resources with other merchants

#3 – Joint Stock Companies • Allowed large & small investors to share the

#3 – Joint Stock Companies • Allowed large & small investors to share the profits & risks of exploration voyages

#4 – Mercantilism • Belief that a nation’s power depended directly on its wealth;

#4 – Mercantilism • Belief that a nation’s power depended directly on its wealth; amount of gold/silver it possessed • Goal of every nation was to become as wealthy as possible

#5 – Colonial • European nations established Development colonies to gain power & wealth,

#5 – Colonial • European nations established Development colonies to gain power & wealth, as well as to make the “mother country” self sufficient

#6 – Columbian • The Columbian Exchange refers Exchange to global transfer of plants,

#6 – Columbian • The Columbian Exchange refers Exchange to global transfer of plants, animals, diseases and technology between the “Old” and “New” Worlds • Transformed European and Native American ways of life

#6 – Columbian Exchange

#6 – Columbian Exchange

America: Asia: Potato Corn Turkey Chili Pepper Chocolate Pineapple Blueberry Pumpkin Rice Tea Spices

America: Asia: Potato Corn Turkey Chili Pepper Chocolate Pineapple Blueberry Pumpkin Rice Tea Spices Sugarcane Soybean Coconut Eggplant Citrus Fruit Africa: Banana Rice Plantain Yam Okra Pepper Coffee Where did it come from? Europe: Cattle Horse Wheat Sugar Onion Olive Beef Cabbage Citrus Fruit

SMALLPOX

SMALLPOX

Ticket out the door • Think of your favorite meal • List all the

Ticket out the door • Think of your favorite meal • List all the ingredients needed to create that meal (on your ticket) • Label those ingredients ‘Old World’ or ‘New World’ • When finished, determine whether anyone on earth could have enjoyed that meal prior to 1492! Record your answer on the ticket.