Discovering Nottingham Rebranding Regeneration and Renewal P S

Discovering Nottingham Rebranding, Regeneration and Renewal P. S. Fox. MMX The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Introduction • These photographs were taken as part of the Rebranding Nottingham Fieldwork visit on Thursday 8 th April 2010 to illustrate the changes that have been constant in the development of Nottingham in its growth as a city. • Some photographs and materials have been added to provide an additional information and background. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Location and site The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

South Prospect of Nottingham about 1750 looking towards Castle and St Mary’s Hill across the Meadows and the River Leen. This prospect illustrates the site of the city, north of the River Trent on two small hills; Castle Hill and St. Mary’s Hill. Source: Nottingham City Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

John Speed’s map of part of Nottingham 1610 This map shows Nottingham as ‘the garden city’. The central square is marked as G. Notice the orchards and the parks. The River Leen is shown in the southern part of the map. Source: Nottingham County Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham from the south 1750 Nottingham 1750 looking from the South towards St Mary’s Church. The age when Nottingham was seen as a ‘garden city’ Source: Nottingham City Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Map Pre 1790 Gardens and open spaces Castle now Duke of Newcastle's Mansion Lace Market – Plumtre House Gardens No Canals or Railways – pre 1839 The enclosure of Nottingham was later than many other cities [1845] which had two main consequences – overcrowding and the development of industry in surrounding settlements. Source: Nottingham City Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Salmon’s Map 1861 This map shows some of the industrialisation and overcrowding that took place in Victorian Nottingham. The largest church shown – to the right [East] is St Mary’s – in the Lace Market. The Market Square is in the top left [North West] of the map. Source: Nottingham County Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Gateway The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Railway Station Opened in 1904 as a replacement for two previous stations by the Midland Railway. The railway was opened to Nottingham on 30 th May 1839, the line to Lincoln 4 th August 1846. The area between the Railway Station and the city centre called ‘The Gateway’ is due to be redeveloped – the Broad Marsh Shopping centre is to be expanded. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Tram Viaduct looking towards the Lace Market The Nottingham Tram system used some of the route of the old railway route to the old Victoria Station – an example of reuse. The tram is to be extended to the west and south. ‘Transport 2000’ resulted in the limitation of traffic in the centre of the city. Nottingham is soon to introduce car parking charges for workers within the city too. The Chapel in the background is High Pavement Chapel built on the site of a previous chapel started in 1691. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Canal – looking east Location : Bridge over Nottingham Canal adjacent Capital One HQ The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX The Nottingham Canal, opened in 1792 to allow coal owners to transship coal to Nottingham form the Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire Coalfields was lined with factories and wharves. Now on the right is Capital One part of which occupies the old Boots print works which was opened in 1952 on a bombed out site. On the left is new offices and businesses not yet opened. [2010]

Capital One Headquarters Building Reflecting the development on the North side of the canal. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

High and Middle Pavement New buildings and refurbishment The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Contemporary This art gallery, on High Pavement was opened in 2009 to provide an additional attraction to this area and to the city for tourists. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Contemporary Art Gallery The Gallery features and outside piazza and a café. This area had been derelict for many years before this was constructed on this site. An example of the reuse of a derelict site. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Drury Hill – 1960 one of the many slum areas of Nottingham in Victorian times – Drury Hill was demolished to make way for the Broad Marsh Shopping Centre – 1965. Source: Nottingham City Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Weekday Cross This was the trading centre of the old Saxon settlement on the main route into Nottingham from the Trent Bridge and the south. Now this is the entrance to the Lace Market area for tourists. The area was restored by the Nottingham Civic Society in 1993. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Middle Pavement These high class Georgian Houses, owned in their time by the rich gentry have been repurposed into up -market high class ‘niche’ shops and services. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Middle Pavement Paul Smith’s Shop – Willoughby House 1738 -1743 This high quality Georgian House was built for Rothwell Willoughby one of Nottingham’s first bankers. In 2004 it was refurbished for Paul Smith – a local fashion designer and now acts as a shop. An example preservation and reuse. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Pitcher and Piano This Chapel has had many uses over the past decade – from Chapel to lace museum. It is now a bar. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Shire Hall, High Pavement This building , constructed in 17701772 and refurbished many times acted as the Crown court, Jail and place of execution. In recent years it has become the ‘Galleries of Justice’ one of the only judicial museums in the country – with court rooms and cells on view. It is thought that an original Saxon Hall occupied this site in 1375. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

St Mary’s Church, Lace Market This is one of the oldest churches in Nottingham at the centre of the Saxon community and reputedly now one of the largest Parish churches in the country. Probably started as a Saxon minster in the 12 or 13 th century but restored and enlarged in 1846 -50. Built with money from the town guilds. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

St Mary’s Church The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

St Mary’s Church The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Original doorway in the church wall on High Pavement The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

National Ice Stadium Built on the site of a 1930 s ice stadium on the kudos of the performance of Torvill and Dean. Half funded by the National Lottery Fund. Opened in 2000 at a cost of £ 40 million it seats 7000. It has no car parking facilities because the City Council were keen that it should be accessed by Public Transport! The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Lace Market Redevelopment of a Victorian Area – improving what there is The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Lace Market – Broadway Built in the mid nineteenth century to be the centre for lace marketing [not manufacture] The area became very run down in the 1960 s and was made into a Conservation area and later transformed into apartments, clubs, bars and small businesses. This was funded by the Historic Buildings Council and a development company. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Broadway – Lace Market The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Stoney Street As part of the refurbishment of this area a multi-story car park was constructed which is illustrated here but designed to be ‘in keeping’ with the other buildings in the area. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Adams Building – Lace Market Built 1854 -1855 and redeveloped between 1996 - 1998 with funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund and The European Development Fund and English Partnerships – cost £ 16. 5 million. The building designed by the Nottingham architect T. C. Hine is now part of New College Nottingham. An example of refurbishment and reuse. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Adams Building The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Hockley is a small niche shopping and entertainment area mainly developed in recent years on the popularity of Nottingham as a student city. This shop was one of the first used by the Boots Company – when it was built it was one of the most advanced in terms of design in the country. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Victoria Shopping Centre City shopping attraction and rehousing The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Victoria Centre The Victoria Centre was one of the first large indoor shopping centres built in Britain – 1965 – 1972. It was build on the site of the Victoria Railway Station complex – the clock tower remains. A high rise block of council flats towers over the centre – to provide accommodation for some of the people displaced by the redevelopment of the slum areas of Nottingham The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Entertainment and Education Quarter Theatre, Concert Hall, Cinema Complex, Nottingham Trent University The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Theatre Quarter Multiplex Cinema Village 2001 built on the site of the Nottingham Evening Post – printing plant. Now a 16 screen cinema complex with clubs and bars. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Cinema and entertainment complex The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Theatre Royal and Concert Hall Complex Theatre Royal was built when the city was enclosed after 1845 north of Backside. The theatre was opened in 1865 and was bought and restored by the city council in 1969. This was one of Britain's first theatre restoration projects and has been followed by many others. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Theatre Royal Nottingham 1860 – 1865. The redevelopment of the Theatre Royal in the 1970 s formed the basis for the development of a entertainment complex in this area of the city. Theatre Royal is an example of building which was remodelled and extended to meet modern requirements without compromising the original interiors. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Theatre Royal The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Tram route – Market Street This street, Market Street, was cut through some of the worst slum housing areas in Nottingham in 1865 when theatre was built at its Northern end. Market Street links the Market Square to parliament Street. It is now traffic free – with exception of trams and buses. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Old Victorian Area The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Hurt’s Yard – Burgess Plots This is one of the few alleyways still left which shows the pattern of building in Victorian Nottingham – this alley runs from Parliament Street [called Back Side] to the Market Square. This area, once one of the most overcrowded in Nottingham has undergone considerable redevelopment with the exception of this example. Many of the shops here are closed and boarded up but ripe for development in a Dickensian theme. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Hurt’s Yard The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Long Row and Market Square Improve and reuse The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Long Row was one of Nottingham's most important streets. Originally colonnaded this is where almost every conceivable type of service could be found twenty four hours a day. Most of the shops extend into caves below. Competition from the two large shopping centres – Broad Marsh and the Victoria Centre has resulted in this area becoming to some extent eclipsed although the Market Square still proves to the be the main focus of the city. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

King and Queen Street extend from the Market Square to Parliament Street in 1891 -1892. The statue of Brian Clough is a recent addition to this area celebrating his links with the city. The building in the background is the Prudential Assurance building – 18931898, restored 1991 The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Queen’s Chambers – Long Row This important building was designed by the local architect – Watson Fothergill who designed and built many Nottingham buildings – especially in ‘The Park’. This Tudorbethan Gothic building was opened in 1897. It has had a variety of uses. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Market Square The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX Old Market Square – Reconstruction 2005 -2006 Gustafson Porter The Old Market Square lies at the core of the city. It remained a Market until 1920 s when the Council House was rebuilt. The Goose fair was held in the Square for many centuries until the fair was moved to The Forest. The Square was surrounded by walls with many steps and the vision was to redevelop it into a single level area which could be used for a variety of different events. Here it is occupied by a large Ferris wheel.

Market Square The Council House was rebuilt as part of the Nottingham City plan to upgrade the city in the 1920 s. It was designed by T. Cecil Howitt and opened 22 nd May 1929. It is modelled on Milan’s Galleria Vittorio Emmanuele with a dome not unlike St Paul’s but only 200 ft high. The clock bell is called ‘Little John’ The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Uses of the Market Square The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

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Old Market Square Reused Summer 2009 Nottingham by the sea! Photographs P. S. Fox The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

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Bell Inn – Market Square This is thought to be the oldest Inn in Nottingham. Part of it lies on the site of a Carmelite Friary. It was re-fronted in 1820. It has a vast cave complex under it. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

St James’s Street links the Market Square and Maid Marion Way. It is a terrace of early 19 th shops and houses. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

1960 s Development Improve access but at what cost? The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Maid Marion Way – looking North Maid Marion Way slashed its way across the western part of the city centre in 1960 cutting off the Castle from the Market Square. It has been said that it would have been a great embarrassment to Maid Marion! The City Council have worked hard to allow pedestrians a better route across it with crossings. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Maid Marion Way – Looking South The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Castle The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Castle Gate House Nottingham Castle stands on a Sherwood Sandstone Hill to the West of the city centre. It was constructed by William Peveril [son of William I] 1067 -8. It was used as a Royal Castle by Henry II, Henry III, Edward IV, Richard I and King John. By 1525 it was a ruin which was bought and redeveloped by the Duke of Newcastle, William Cavendish as a copy of a house in Antwerp. It was damaged by reform rioters in 1831 and remodelled by T. C. Hine 1875 -8 as one of the first municipal galleries in the country which it remains. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Castle Gate House The only part of the original castle that remains is the base of the Gate House and the curtain walls. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Severns – Castle Gate This house built in 1340 was a restaurant on Middle Pavement until 1969 when the Broad Marsh shopping centre was constructed. It was dismantled and moved to this new location. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Brew house Yard The Olde Trip to Jerusalem – Castle Gate This is thought by some to be the oldest inn in Nottingham but it is thought that this inn did not open until 1618 not the 1189 displayed. It was not called the Trip to Jerusalem originally. However, it probably is on the site of the Castle brewery. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

1919 redevelopment The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Newcastle House – Castle Boulevard Newcastle House – 1932 1933. This factory and offices was one of the first to be built using concrete mushroom columns with an outer skin. The building was constructed as part of the redevelopment of Castle Boulevard in the 1920 s. To protect the building from demolition a conservation area was drawn around it! The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Castle Boulevard – looking west Castle Boulevard was part of Nottingham City Councils Post War reconstruction scheme [1919] which also manifested in twenty new housing estates and an outer ring road! The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Gunn and Moore Ltd. Located in a small factory off Castle Boulevard this internationally known firm relocated to an out of town industrial complex. Its site is now occupied by high quality apartments. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Canal Corridor and Castle Marina The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

The Nottingham Canal Corridor Redevelopment. The canal side route was refurbished in the late 1990 s. As a ‘green route’ from Nottingham to Beeston via Lenton which could be used by cyclists and pedestrians. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Canal – looking west The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham from Castle Meadow looking east The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Castle Meadow Retail Park This Retail Park is part of the much larger mixed development that has taken place on the site of the Nottingham railway sidings in the last twenty years. The site not only provides a retail experience but also has offices, hotels, restaurants, a marina and many different types of residential properties including a gated community. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Castle Marina – Castle Meadow – constructed on the Nottingham Canal The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

NG 2 The redevelopment of a factory site The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

NG 2 redevelopment site NG 2 The redevelopment and branding of the Royal Ordnance Factory site – a extension to the CBD. This site was meadow land until 1915 when a large munitions factory was constructed here to produce shell cases for the First World War bombardment. Many unemployed lace workers, especially women were employed. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

NG 2 has been developed on the site of the Royal Ordnance Factory as an extension to a corridor which runs from the city centre. This is a mixed development of businesses and retain outlets [Homebase] The area has been designed for easy access and is on the route of the tram line extension from the railway Station. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Castle Meadow The Castle viewed from the south – unknown date Source: Nottingham City Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Map to show the ROF site in NG 2 The Park Castle Ordnance factory Nottingham The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

30 September 1915 Royal Ordnance Factory Castle Meadow – Right Above- The production of guns during the Second World War Source: Nottingham City Library The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Examples of the uses now found on the ROF site including Experian – the credit rating agency. Almost as many people are employed on this site now as were employed by the Royal Ordnance Factory. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Castle Marina – Castle View The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Castle Wharf From industry to apartments, civic buildings and entertainment The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

View ‘Nottingham’ by Joseph Mallord William Turner which shows the Castle Wharf area http: //www. tate. org. uk/servlet/View. Work? workid=72596& searchid=25313&tabview=image The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

1923 Castle Warf – Looking North towards the Castle – showing part of the railway good yard and the Gunn and Moore Factory The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Nottingham Canal - redevelopment The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Inland Revenue Headquarters 1992 - 1995 Hopkins Architects The move to decentralise many of the Governments functions resulted in this development which was the result of an architectural competition. Six blocks and an amenity building were constructed employing 2000 people. Tree lined streets provide for car parking. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Inland Revenue Headquarters 19921995 Government relocated several departments from London – this is an example. 2000 employees were relocated to this site. The original plans for the site were strongly opposed and resulted in a competition – this is the result. Designed by Hopkins Architects the building complements the castle in its design with round turrets and several different blocks. The building was designed to be environmentally friendly too. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Inland Revenue Headquarters Utility building The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

British Waterways warehouse Built 1919 as part of the City Redevelopment plan. Now converted into offices, restaurants and apartments – by Franklin Ellis 1998 2000 The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Magistrates Courts Complex The Magistrates Courts were moved from a Victorian building to the North of the city centre to this canal side location – 1992 - 1995 The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Fellows Morton and Clayton The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

‘Little Venice’ ‘It’s Just like Venice’ – Paul Morel – Sons and Lovers Like many cities Nottingham rediscovered its waterfront in the 1970 s and was tidied up making it much more attractive to developers. The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

Fellows Morton and Clayton The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

How do we measure redevelopment? • Sustainability – • Environment – of building, of its use, of getting to it, • Social – Impact on people as a place of employment, entertainment • Economic – Costs and benefits, employment • Political / Cultural – Respect for the cultural, are people happy about it – what do they think? • Physical impact – on the area • Site – How does it relate to its site The Geographical Association P. S. Fox. MMX

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