Discharges to the sea Sewage Name Date Discharges

Discharges to the sea Sewage Name – Date

Discharges to the sea - Sewage Contents 1. Sewage from ships 2. Impacts of sewage 3. The role of shipping 2 Photo credits: Weeks Bay NERRS website/ Green Award Foundation

Sewage from all ships: - Black water: waste from toilets, and; Grey water: water from sinks, showers, galleys (kitchens), laundry and cleaning activities. 3 Photo credits: Pro. Sea

Additional waste streams: § Large quantities of waste water from cruise and passenger vessels § Waste from the livestock cargo, in most cases cows, sheep or goats 4 Photo credits: Pro. Sea/Vroon

Open oceans and coastal seas are different! Reason why sewage regulations area dependent (distance to coast) 5 Photo credits: Rovert Simmon, NASA GSFC Eartg Observatory, based on data provided by Watson Gregg, NASA GSFC

Impacts: - Oxygen depletion - Nutrient enrichment can lead to ‘dead zones’ 6 Photo credits: Weeks Bay NERRS website / NOAA

Biggest problems § § Discharge in enclosed sea areas (Meditteranean, Baltic Sea) Discharge in sea areas with: - High water temperatures - Low oxygen - Little currents 7 Photo credits: Hellenic Centre of Marine Research

Additional issues § Passenger, cruise vessels and livestock carriers produce large amounts of sewage § Sewage may contain diseases/pathogens from human waste or chemicals from cleaning agents 8 Photo credits: Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics

Regulations Discharge of sewage at sea Level of treatment > 12 n. miles 3 – 12 n. miles < 3 n. miles Comminuted and disinfected sewage Allowed Treated sewage through an approved treatment plant Allowed Prohibited Sewage stored in holding tanks Allowed Prohibited Photo credits: Holland America Lines

Questions? 10