DISABILITY By DR EMAN RAMADAN GHAZAWY Definition disability

DISABILITY By DR. EMAN RAMADAN GHAZAWY

• Definition: disability is physical or/and mental morbidity that interferes with leading normal life and activities, and may be congenital or acquired.

WHAT IS DISABILITY? • The World Health Organization (WHO 1976) draws on a three–fold • distinction between impairment, disability and handicap: • • Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or • anatomical structure or function. • • Disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. • • Handicap is a disadvantage, for a given individual, resulting from impairment or a disability, which prevents the fulfillment of a role that is considered normal (depending on age, sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual.

CONGENITAL DISABILITY: • I. Genetic disorder: due to gene mutation and chromosomal aberrations. • II. Exposure to intrauterine hazards: • Infection (TORSH) radiation, teratogenicity, smoking. • Malnutrition of mother and exposure to air pollution. Forms of congenital anomalies: mental retardation, anencephaly, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, Down's syndrome, congenital heart disease, kidney disease, cleft palate deaf-mutism.

ACQUIRED DISABILITY • 1. Traumatic: accidents are very important cause of disability. • 2. Infectious diseases: as paralytic polio, meningitis and encephalitis • 3. Occupational disability: deafness from exposure to noise, and extensive lung fibrosis of silicosis. • 4. Drugs: e. g. streptomycin may be complicated by deafness, iatrogenic drugs during pregnancy • 5. Nutritional: Vitamin A deficiency causes blindness • 6. Metabolic: e. g. phenylketonuria causing mental retardation • Forms of acquired disability: impaired vision, impaired hearing, defects of speech, skeletal deformities, mental retardation.

PREVENTION OF DISABILITY • 1 ry prevention: • �Preconception Care: diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis and syphilis, genetic counseling, and MMR vaccination. • �Antenatal Care • �Health Education of mother • �Prevention of infectious diseases. • �Safety measures and prevention of injuries and accidents. • �Preventing exposure to occupational hazards. • �Early diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. • �First aid and management of injuries and accidents •

• 2 ry prevention: • �Early detection of disabilities, the earlier discovery the better the results of case management. • �Proper evaluation of the case physically, mentally, psychologically and socially to plan the management scheme • �Appraisal for the family situation and their ability to deal with the case.

• 3 ry prevention: • �The goal is to reach independence compatible with disability, and to have a socially accepted, socially sufficient person. • �The aim of rehabilitation is to achieve an individual who is useful member of the community; if then a person who is useful for himself, if then at least a person who is not a burden to others. • � Aspect of rehabilitation: physical, psychological, educational, vocational and social

MOST AWAITED SLIDE AFTER EVERY LECTURE