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Phrases – Part Two Grade Seven

What is a Verbal? • A verbal is a word that looks like a verb but does not function as the verb in a sentence. – Ex. The talking children were happy. (The verb of this sentence is “were. ” “Talking” is an adjective describing the noun children. ) • There are three kinds of verbals: – Participles – Infinitives – Gerunds

What is a Verbal? • Since a verbal looks like a verb, it often ends in a verb suffix. • The most common verb suffixes are: – ed – ing • Some other verb suffixes are: – en –d

What are Verb Parts? • Every verb is made up of four parts: 1. the present part 2. the present participle part 3. the past part 4. the past participle part

What are Verb Parts? • The present part of the verb shows that an action is happening now or is ongoing. Sometimes it ends in the letter “s. ” Ex. Today I sing songs. Ex. On Sundays we go to the movies. Ex. He talks a lot in study hall.

What are Verb Parts? • The present participle of the verb also shows an ongoing action. It ends in “ing. ” • Sometimes it is preceded by a linking verb. The ones that make present participles are: 1. am 2. is 3. are Ex. We are going to the mall. Ex. He is talking to the coach.

What are Verb Parts? • The past part of the verb shows an action that has already been completed. • Past parts of verbs typically end in the letters “ed. ” Ex. Yesterday we walked home. (The present part is “walk. ”) Ex. I man listened to the story. (The present part is “listen. ”)

What are Verb Parts? Some verbs in the past part are irregular and have different endings or change altogether. Ex. Yesterday we built a tree house. (The present part is “build. ”) Ex. I saw birds in the trees. (The present part is “see. ”) Ex. I went to the store. (The present part is “go. ”)

What are Verb Parts? • The last part of a verb is called the past participle. • It is preceded by one of the helping verbs that starts with the letter “h. ” • These three helping verbs are: – have – has – had Ex. He had witnessed the event. Ex. They have flown to Florida.

What is a Participle? • A participle is a verbal. • A participle looks like a verb, but it works like an adjective. • Participles can be single words that describe nouns. -Ex. The worn shoe had seen better days. (“Wear” is a verb. The past of the verb is “wore” and the past participle is “worn. ” In this sentence “worn” is describing the noun “shoe. ” That makes “worn” work as an adjective. “Worn” therefore is a participle. )

What is a Participle? • Participles look like verbs but work as adjectives. – Ex. The smiling child enjoyed the story. (The word “smile” is a verb. The present participle is “smiling. ” Since “smiling” is describing the noun “child, ” the word “smiling” is working as an adjective. This makes it a participle. )

How Do I Find a Participle? • To find a participle, first locate any words in the sentence that could be verbs. • Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real verb. • Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are persons, places, things, or ideas. • Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing a noun, then they are participles.

Ho Do I Find a Participle? • To find a participle, first locate any words in the sentence that could be verbs. Ex. I was annoyed at the tapping pencil. • Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real verb. Ex. The action that is happening is that the subject “I” is annoyed. “Annoyed” then is my actual verb. • Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are persons, places, things, or ideas. Ex. I was annoyed by the tapping pencil. • Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing a noun, then they are participles. Ex. Since “tapping” describes the noun “pencil, ” “tapping” is not a verb. It is a participle.

How Do I Find a Participle? • To find a participle, first locate any words in the sentence that could be verbs. Ex. The broken door caused a problem. • Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real verb. Ex. The actual action in the sentence is “caused. ” It follows my subject “door. ” • Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are persons, places, things, or ideas. Ex. The broken door caused a problem. • Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing a noun, then they are participles. Ex. Since “broken” is describing the noun “door, ” it is working as an adjective. “Broken” is the participle.

What is a Participial Phrase? • A participial phrase is a group of words containing a participle. • The entire participial phrase will function as an adjective. That means it will describe a noun. N Part. Phr. – Ex. The girl walking down the street is tall. N Part. Phr. – Ex. I looked at the book leaning against the shelf.

How Do I Find a Participial Phrase? • To find a participial phrase, first locate any words in the sentence that could be verbs. • Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real verb. • Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are persons, places, things, or ideas. • Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing a noun, then they are participles. The participles may be part of a phrase, or a group of words, that will all be describing the noun.

Ho Do I Find a Participial Phrase? • • To find a participial phrase, first locate any words in the sentence that could be verbs. Ex. I saw a girl looking at the art display. Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real verb. Ex. The subject is “I. ” “Seeing” is what “I” is doing. That means the verb is actually “saw. ” Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are persons, places, things, or ideas. Ex. I saw a girl looking at the art display. Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing a noun, then they are participles. The participles may be part of a phrase, or a group of words, that will all be describing the noun. Ex. “Girl” is a noun. The girl is being described in the sentence. “Looking at the art display” tells about the girl. “Looking” is a participle. “Looking at the art display” is the participial phrase.

Ho Do I Find a Participial Phrase? • To find a participial phrase, first locate any words in the sentence that could be verbs. Ex. The man watching the movie is my teacher. • Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real verb. Ex. The subject of the sentence is “man. ” • Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are persons, places, things, or ideas. Ex. I saw a girl looking at the art display. • Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing a noun, then they are participles. The participles may be part of a phrase, or a group of words, that will all be describing the noun. Ex. “Girl” is a noun. The girl is being described in the sentence. “Looking at the art display” tells about the girl. “Looking” is a participle. “Looking at the art display” is the participial phrase.

Diagramming Participles • Participles describe nouns. That means that participles work like adjectives. • An adjective hangs beneath the noun it describes. That means that a participle should also hang beneath the noun it describes. • To distinguish between an adjective and a participle, these two items are drawn differently. • A participle is drawn on a hockey stick without a tail. The participle curves around the hockey stick.

Diagramming Participles • Here is an example of how to diagram a participle. Ex. The burning building raged The

Diagramming Participles • Here is another example: – Ex. I comforted the crying child. I comforted child e th

Diagramming Participial Phrases • Diagramming participial phrases starts out the same way as diagramming a a participle. • As with all phrases, the parts of the phrase must be diagrammed together. Mark the entire phrase. It will all be diagrammed beneath the noun it is describing. • Participles are verbs doing the job of a different part of speech. Since they are actually verbs they can have direct objects and be modified by prepositional phrases.

Diagramming Participial Phrases • Here is an example of how to diagram a participial phrase. Part. phrase Ex. The girl playing the piano is my sister. girl is sister my The piano the

Diagramming Participial Phrases • Here is another example. Part. phrase Ex. The man listening to the story is a professor. man is professor a e Th to story the

• This completes the review of participles. • Additional review can be done in the review folders housed in 106 and the library.