Directions Grab the FIVE sheets of paper off
Directions �Grab the FIVE sheets of paper off of the Computer Cart �Get out your Chapter 22 RG and VOCAB �Fill out your scantron �Homework – OPV article review AND highlighting (3 each), Ch. 22 VOCAB �Unit 6 Test Wednesday/Thursday
Special Review �Will be Monday during lunch, with me! �Tuesday after school with Coach Austin.
Homework �Op. V – League of Nations • You need 3 highlights and 2 article reviews �You have TWO playposit videos that are due on Sunday by Midnight �If you do not finish your Causation WWI in class, it will be homework
Chapter 22 – World War I and Its Aftermath 1914 -1920
WWI – Video Analysis �https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Pbw. H 1 ZBn. Yds&t=496 s
Causes = M. A. I. N. Alliances Militarism - Belief that a country should maintain a strong military and be willing to use it - Countries started building bigger militaries - alliances developed between European countries, so when one started fighting … the others did European Causes of WWI Imperialism - competition for colonies led to fighting between nations Nationalism - belief that one nation is superior to all others; wanted to prove how great they are - Also, people who wanted independence for their people – like Bosnia
Ottoman Empire Austria. Hungary Balkans Russia Germany Britain France Belgium
Map Skills – If I attack Russia … who will attack me? What if I attack Germany? Who is neutral?
Timeline of Events- 1914 � June 28 – Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand � July 23 – Austrian government issues ultimatum, then invades Serbia � July 31 – Russia mobilizes against Austria as an ally to Serbia � August 1 – Germany declares war on Russia as an ally to Austria � August 3 – Germany declares war on France, who is an ally to Russia, and invades Belgium (neutral) � August 4 – Great Britain declares war on Germany as an ally to Belgium
Alliances
Gavrilo Princip
US Response � Neutrality • SKDT? ? ? �WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS �Adams and Jefferson – against France/Britain • Moral Diplomacy? ? � Britain blockaded Germany – seized US ships trying to get to Germany � Germany responses with submarine warfare to create blockade around Britain – any ships might be sunk in the “war zone” • Several US ships get hit and sunk, considered an act of war as we are still technically neutral
ELECTION OF 1916 �Wilson’s campaign slogan • He Kept Us Out of War” �Wilson – very idealistic • Wanted “peace without victory” �Why did so many Americans object to U. S. entry to WWI?
�… several things were making us consider joining: • American trade was interrupted by war – so US losing $$ • America loaned money to Allied powers (esp. Britain) �US banks and businesses heavily invested in Britain �Worried about losing money if Britain loses • Russian Revolution – Russia left war b/c of revolution and civil war Germany could now totally focus on Britain and France
S - Safe for Democracy/ Soviet Revolution • President Wilson said there were “Moral implications” for the US joining the war - we needed to make the world safe for democracy • Soviet Revolution; civil war in Russia made them leave WWI L - Lusitania • British passenger ship sunk in 1915 by Germany; killed over 1, 000 (128 Americans); US outraged (even though there weapons on the ship U - Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (U-boats) • Germany says they will sink ALL ships in blockaded areas • Hostile/aggressive actions violated US neutrality • Official reason the US enters the war T - Ties with Britain • US was close with Britain; had a lot of money invested in Britain they didn’t want to lose Z - Zimmerman Telegram • Germany sends telegram to Mexico, said if Mexico joined war, they would get back TX, NM, AZ; US finds out and is mad
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats w How effective were the German U-Boats in accomplishing their mission?
And so … it begins! � April 1917 – US declared war on Germany and its allies Tired of Germany attacking ships • Trading with England/providing weapons and supplies � President Wilson said there were “Moral implications” for the US joining the war – we needed to make the world safe for democracy • Women throw shade at Wilson back at home - why is he so concerned with Germany’s democracy and not with women voting in US? � �(because the 19 th amendment wasn’t passed yet)
�To what extent were politics a cause of the U. S. entry into WWI?
�Why did the US side with the Allied Powers? Was is cultural loyalty or economic advantage?
Directions �Grab the SIX sheets of paper off of the Computer Cart �Get out your OPV Article Review �Homework – You have a test on Wednesday/Thursday! Prep for that!!! • You also have TWO playposits assigned. One on Imperialism and one on Progressive Presidents
Mobilization �Mobilization – getting ready for war �Mobilized the economy under government leadership • What are some examples? �Liberty Bonds – how we paid for the war • What is a bond? �In what ways did Wilson’s mobilization efforts reflect Progressivism? • Creating jobs? Jobs for women? Jobs for minorities?
Public Opinion and Civil Liberties �Committee on Public Information �Nativist groups �Espionage and Sedition Acts • SKDT? ? �Lincoln- Civil War; Adams- Alien and Sedition Acts �Espionage Acts will lead to restrictions on immigration both before and after WWI �Schenck v United States • Free speech IS NOT free if it presents a “Clear and present danger”
Armed Forces �Selective Service Act = draft • 2. 8 million drafted, 2 million volunteered �African Americans – segregation in the military • Du. Bois support for serving? • The forces will not be desegregated until the end of WWII
Effects on American Society �Jobs for Women �Migration of Mexicans • Working in agriculture and mining • In the South �Migration of African Americans • “Great Migration” for jobs in factories • Over 2 million African Americans migrated North to find jobs
Food for Thought � Wartime agencies flooded the country with posters like this in 1917– 1918, exhorting women on the home front to “grow their own” and thus ease the pressure on food supplies.
In the Trenches and to the Polls � Wars often bring opportunities and innovations as well as danger and destruction. As U. S. Army nurses went into harm’s way at the fighting front in France, the century -long struggle for women’s suffrage intensified on the home front, culminating in the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.
Fighting the War �Naval Operations – to combat submarine warfare �American Expeditionary Forces – AEF • John J. Pershing �Turned untrained soldiers into a fortified fighting force … soldiers! �Battle of Argonne Forrest (Meuse-Argonne)- last major battle- caused Germany to surrender • Alvin York – all around BA �US casualties – combat v disease • What type of combat? What type of diseases?
� General John J. Pershing • Alvin C. York
� Alvin York, born in 1887, was a Congressional Medal of Honor Winner who fought in World War I. He grew up learning to shoot and developed into an expert marksman. Although he was originally a pacifist, a friend convinced him that the Bible said it was okay to serve in the military. As a soldier in World War I, he gained notoriety by his performance in the Battle of Argonne Forest where he attacked the Germans. When members of his group were unable to proceed, he went after the Germans by himself. He killed 17 through sniper fire and then 7 by pistol. He was successful in taking 132 prisoners on his own. He died in 1964.
Trenches (cont’d) w How a Trench was supposed to look � How a Trench actually looked
�Were the Americans the deciding factor in the Allies victory during WWI?
Making Peace �Armistice – 11: 00 on 11/11 �Wilson’s 14 Points • Most significant points? �Treaty of Versailles • Wilson in Paris without Republicans- they are bitter • The Big 4 – revenge and compensation v idealism �Peace Terms • Germany punished – limited army, no colonies, self-determination (for European countries), League of Nations (Article X controversy)
Battle for Ratification �Objection to Article X? �Partisanship – Republican majority in Congress �Irreconcilables v Reservations • Henry Cabot Lodge – reservations • Wilson’s decision �Wilson’s Tour – to gain support • Stroke (his wife basically ran the White House without telling anyone) �Rejection of Treaty – how did Wilson’s idealism destroy the possibility of a successful League of Nations?
�Do you agree that the final responsibility for the failure of America to join the League of Nations lies with Woodrow Wilson rather than with his opponents like Henry Cabot Lodge? Why or why not?
Postwar Problems �Demobilization • Lack of jobs • Depression of farm prices • Recession �The Red Scare • Palmer Raids, start of FBI �Labor Conflict • Strikes of 1919 �Race Riots – result of Great Migration
�Was Wilson as good president?
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