Directions For this part you are allowed 30

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of people’s indulgence in instant messages and then explain why we should read more classics. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1. ��描述�，提出�象。 2. 分析�象原因。 3. 提出个人�点。

结构模板 1 ⑴总体现象 , which has aroused great concern. ⑵现象表现或变化. ⑶ In addition, 进一步阐述现象. 主体段 ⑷ There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon. ⑸ Among all the reasons, 原因一 plays a very important role. ⑹⑺阐述原因 一 ⑻ What’s more, 原因二⑼⑽阐述原因二. ⑾ Moreover, 原因三. ⑿阐述原因三. 结尾段 ⒀ As far as I am concerned, 我的观点. ⒁For one thing, 具体看法+理由 ⒂For another, 具体看法+理由 # ⒃In a word, 总结观点 首段

现象型开头句型 rise in 1. Recently the phenomenon of … has problem of drawn aroused public popular world-wide considerable arisen loomed up （隐隐出现） cropped up（突然出现） attention concern

2. One of the searching（严重的） pressing （迫切的） burning （非常重要的） confronting facing problems issues questions country our nation today is…… society development of rapid 3. With the marked improvement of amazing expansion of increase/decline in …, more general recognition of and growing commitment to more common concern over

后果性结尾句型 句型一 Obviously, No doubt, Clearly, if we can’t control/improve the situation, if we ignore/are blind to the problem, unless there is an immediate action/radical change in…, there is every chance it is very likely that… will be put in danger.

句型二 person Any nation society lesson warning Who Which ignore is blind to fail to learn pay a heavy price would come to no good end in failure/disaster the

结构模板 ⑴总体现象 , which has aroused great concern. ⑵现象表现或变化. ⑶ In addition, 进一步阐述现象. 主体段 ⑷ There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon. ⑸ Among all the reasons, 原因一 plays a very important role. ⑹⑺阐述原因 一 ⑻ What’s more, 原因二⑼⑽阐述原因二. ⑾ Moreover, 原因三. ⑿阐述原因三. 结尾段 ⒀ As far as I am concerned, 我的观点. ⒁For one thing, 具体看法+理由 ⒂For another, 具体看法+理由 ⒃In a word, 总结观点 首段

模板填充 首段 ⑴总体现象 , which has aroused great concern. ⑵现象表现或变化. ⑶ In addition, 进一步阐述现象. ⑴Recently the problem of fake commodities has aroused great concern. ⑵There all kinds of fake commodities in the markets. ⑶In addition, the quantity of fake products doubles. ⑴Recently the problem of fake commodities is becoming more and more serious, which has aroused general concern. ⑵Our markets are filled with a variety and large quantity of fake products.

主 体 段 ⑷ There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon. ⑸ Among all the reasons, 原因一 plays a very important role. ⑹⑺阐述原因 一 ⑻What’s more, 原因二⑼⑽阐述原因二. ⑾Moreover, 原因三. ⑿阐述原因三. ⑷There are various reasons accounting for this phenomenon. ⑸Among all these reasons, the drive of profit-making plays a very crucial role. ⑹That is to say, fake commodities can bring about large profits for producers.

⑺ What’s more, our supervision is still not powerful enough to eliminate all fake products. ⑻ Moreover, most consumers are willing to buy the far cheaper fake commodities, which potentially stimulate the increase of them.

结尾段 ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ⒃ As far as I am concerned, 我的观点. For one thing, 具体看法+理由 For another, 具体看法+理由 In a word, 总结观点 As far as I am concerned, any society which ignores this phenomenon would come to no good end. For one thing, fake commodities, such as appliances may cause a great loss to producers of real products. For another, fake commodities such as medicine may harm people’s health, even lives. In a word, it is high time to take measures to eliminate fake commodities.

现象解释型模板 首段（描述现象A） ① Nowadays, with the reform of （现象的背景）, （描述现象）. ② This phenomenon has been brought into public focus and called for further concern. 1) Be brought into public focus ：引起人们的关注 2） call for 要求、 需要

现象解释型模板 首段（描述现象 B） ① In recent years, wherever you go, （描述现 象）. ② This issue has aroused the greatest concern. Arouse the greatest concern: 引起极大关注

现象解释型模板 首段（描述现象C） ① Currently, along with the advance of the society, an important issue that （描述现象） is brought to our attention. ② Consequently, （概 况描述现象产生的结果）. Be brought to our attention: 引起了我们的注意

现象解释型模板 中间段（分析现象 A） ③ Just as what has happened to anything in the world, many factors lead to ． ④ On one hand, . ⑤ ____. ⑥ On the other hand，. ⑦. ⑧What’s more，. ⑨ ______. ⑩ Our list of contributors could go on, but the foregoing ones are already enough to give us a deep insight into the phenomenon． 本模板第 3句的空格中应该填上某个需要解释的现象或事件，第 4句 提出原因I，第 6句提出原因Ⅱ，第 8句提出原因Ⅲ，第 5、第 7和第 9 句对这 3个原因进行了进一步论述。 1) Give sb a deep insight into : 使、、对、、有了 深入解； 2)foregoing：前面提到的（abovementioned） 3) contributor : 促成因素，贡献者

现象解释型模板 中间段（分析现象 B） ③ A number of factors could account for the phenomenon, but the following are the most critical ones. ④ First of all, （原因一）. ⑤ What’s more, （原因二）. ⑥ In addition, （原 因三）. Account for 解释

现象解释型模板 结尾段（作者看法+前景展望 A） ⑾ As far as I am concerned, （作者对现象的看 法）⑿There is still a long way for us to （促进或 限制现象）, but as a student myself, I find it rewarding and interesting. Rewarding: 有报酬的、值得做的

现象解释型模板 结尾段（现象产生的结果 B） ⑾ This issue may lead to a number of unfavorable consequences, with the following two the most serious. ⑿For one thing, （后果一）. ⒀For another, （后果二）. ⒁The awareness of the importance of this issue should be enhanced and some proper measures should be taken. ⒂It is reasonable for us to believe that the situation will be improved in the near future. 具体句子数量可根据实际需要调整。

范文模板应用 What Electives To Choose v With the reform of Chinese higher education, more and more colleges and universities put emphasis on nurturing students’ abilities. As a result, elective courses are available not only for excellent academic performers but also for students about the average level. v v

v Certainly, students have different reasons to choose their own electives. For some, practical skills are the essence of college education, and therefore, courses on computer science, marketing, and finance are highly preferred. On the other hand, others may hold the idea of liberal education and electives concerning literature, history, and philosophy are the most welcome.

v Take me as an example: being a disciple of free education, I stand for the notion that university is not a place for survival skills, but a palace of knowledge and critical reasoning. Although my major is chemistry, the electives I attend most frequently are English literature, an Introduction to Classic Music, and Different Schools of Western Painting. They really widen my horizon.

The Adaptation of the Classics 现象型开头句型套句一 Recently many classics are being adapted in many ways, which has aroused great concern. In those adapted works, all plots are changed and all characters become somewhat clown. 开头句的扩展句

主体段原因开头句型 深蓝色字体部分： 原因主体段三个层次 The explaination for this phenomenon involves various factors. ①Among all these reasons, readers’ preference plays a crucial role. That is a precondition for the market of the adaptation of the classics. ②Furthermore, the concept of creativity is prevailing in 浅蓝色字体部分： every aspect. ③In addition, 原因一/三的扩展部分 the improved living standard enables people to pursue and enjoy more choices of entertainments including the adaptation if the classics.

尾段后果结尾句型 As far as I am concerned, the adaptation of the classics does more harm than good. For 深蓝色字体部分： one thing, since the classical literature is the 后果两个层次 representation of the outstanding art of our nation, the act of adapting may ruin its charm. For another, those adapted works will affect children’s outlook on life, who are the future of the nation and always believe what is in the books is the truth. In a word, the real classics should be presented on the bookshelves to 浅蓝色字体部分： lead people to appreciate the real art. 后果层次一/二的扩展部分 结尾段总结句

范文模板应用 Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. This phenomenon greatly influences students’ writing and brings on worries among teachers.

There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they don’t emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.

Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help students pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance. Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling. Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.

学生作文 1 Recently, when it comes to the classics, increasing individuals are entertained by their adaptations. With regard to this phenomenon, numerous factors have indispensable impacts on it. On the hand, as some original editions are extremely tiresome and elusive, therefore, man will add some fascinating elements so that readers’ interest can be better aroused. On the other hand, this phenomenon can be attibuted to the profit. Massive businessmen utilize the considerable assuming versions to profit from the clients.

However, the adaptation of the classics have their merits as well as drawbacks. Whenever the adaptation is taken into account, it is feasible to function in the disservice of the original edition, that is to say, it may corrupt the purity of our culture. Hense, once we adapt the classics, we ought to do it approximately.

学生作文 2 In recent years, there has been a heated discussion among the general public with regard to the adaptation of the classics. In order to entertain the public, a number of classics have been adapted into various versions. Several factors may contribute to the phenomenon. To begin with, some authors make the adaptation of some classics for sake of their potential issues, tedious and boring. Therefore, it can make them vivid

and approaching. What’s more, with the rapid development of life, people become too busy to enjoy the original versions, especially the diffuse ones. It induces people to give their first priority to the readily and time-saved versions. Moreover, those who engage in the adaption will probably make a big fortune if they really do well in it.

Definitely, during the process of the adaptation, plenty of history incidents and the original thoughts might be twisted, which can lead to readers’ misunderstandings. So it is high time to take some appropriate steps to limit the situation.

开头句型 think 1. When it comes to …, some people believe argue that …. Others the opposite is true. claim reverse There is probably some truth in both arguments statements debate over on discussion public 2. There is a as to general controversy problem oppose the issue of…. Those who argue criticize that…. But people who advocate …, on the other hand, maintain that …

the vast majority of quite a few When asked about…, some/ many believe people answer hold that…. However, Other people regard/view/think of … as… Other people view a bit differently.

结尾句型 1. Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the first/ second one. For one thing, …. For another, …. 2. As far as I am concerned, I believe the former/ latter argument holds water. 3. There is an element of truth in the former/ second argument. I still hold that the people believe in it ignore a deeper and more essential fact ….

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 1）名校校园正成为旅游的新热点 2）校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同。 3）我认为…… When it comes to whether the university campus should be open to tourists, there is no complete agreement among people. Some people take it for granted that university campus should embrace tourists across the country. However, others maintain that the university campus should be closed to tourists. Topic + view 1+ view 2 #

Those people who hold the former opinion ①believe that refusing tourists is contradicting universities’ proclaimed spirit of openness. In addition, ②they argue that no university has the right to reject taxpayers to enter its grounds because it is public land. However, still others advocate the latter opinion because ①they hold that too many tourists will add a burden to the security department of the university ②and influence students’ normal study. So, it is unadvisable to admit tourists to visit university campus freely. Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former one. ①For one thing, it can enable high school students to get more information about the university and have better preparation for their choosing to get into the university. ②For another, a university should impart（给予、传授） the spirit of openness. Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that university # campuses should be open to tourists.

Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 1）名校校园正成为旅游的新热点, 有人支持校园对外开放。 2）也有人对此持反对意见。 3）我认为…… Topic+ 观点A+理由 1、2 When it comes to whether the university campus should be open to tourists, there is no complete agreement among people. Some people take it for granted that university campus should embrace tourists across the country. ①They believe that refusing tourists is contradicting universities’ proclaimed spirit of openness. In addition, ②they argue that no university has the right to reject taxpayers to enter its grounds because it is public land. #

However, others maintain that the university campus should be closed to tourists，because ①they hold that too many tourists will add a burden to the security department of the university ②What is more, too many tourists must influence students’ normal study. So, it is unadvisable to admit tourists to visit university campus freely. Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former one. ①For one thing, it can enable high school students to get more information about the university and have better preparation for their choosing to get into the university. ②For another, a university should impart the spirit of openness. Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that university campuses should be open to tourists. #

Education reform—exam-oriented or quality-oriented ①When it comes to whether education reform should be exam-oriented or quality-oriented, there is no complete agreement among people. ②Some people take it for granted that quality-oriented approach should be preferred. However, ③others maintain that exam-oriented way is much better. Those people who hold the former opinion believe that the quality-oriented way is to train students’ practical abilities to work better in the future. In addition, the quality-oriented approach #

can help students gain more knowledge and skills from practice. Therefore, it is better to advocate quality-oriented education. However, still others advocate the latter opinion because they hold that the exam-oriented way is to help students get high scores so that they can further their study in better schools. Besides they argue that the exam-oriented approach can enable students to remember a lot of information from books, gaining knowledge indirectly but quickly. So it is advisable to adopt this approach. #

Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former opinion. For one thing, since interest is the best teacher, it is much better to adopt qualityoriented method to stimulate students to work harder. For another, we should definitely pay more attention to the development of students’ abilities in their future life and work. Taking abovementioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that quality-oriented approach should be favored.

Education Reform When it comes to which approach the reform of education should employ, there is no complete agreement among people. Some people hold the opinion that the qualityoriented education is ought to be widelyaccepted by the whole education system. However, others maintain that we should follow the former exam-oriented education. Those people who support the former opinion consider that quality-oriented education promotes students to acquire knowledge. In addition, students are able to

obtain a lot of happiness and reduce stress under this form of education. However, still others advocate the latter opinion because the exam-oriented education will make it possible to select more capable people for promotion. Moreover, as this form has lasted a long time, changing it completely seems to be extremely difficult. Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former one. For one thing, quality-oriented education can not only provide students with

more space to develop but also stimulate them to acquire more knowledge. For another, students will obtain happiness in this way. Taking the two factors into account, we may reasonably conclude that the reform of education should tend to be quality-oriented.

Education Reform When it comes to the education reform, there is no complete agreement among people. Some people take it for granted that the education reform should be quality-oriented. However, other people believe that exam-oriented education is going to be the direction of the education reform. People who insist on the quality-oriented reform consider that children should be taught not only knowledge but also capacity. In addition, our society needs various competent

people. To achieve this purpose, the most important way is the quality-oriented education. On the other hand, others maintain that students should get more knowledge when they are young. Taking examination is the only way of checking the achievement of them. What’s more, the examoriented education can restrain students to work hard, which is effective to the students who have little self-control. Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former one. For one thing, the exam-oriented education has cultivated massive students who can do nothing except succeeding in the exam.

For another, our nation needs to improve people’s quality in current time. Taking above – mentioned factors into consideratin, I may reasonably conclude that the quality-oriented edcuation is the direction of the education reform. #

Education Reform When it comes to the debate of education reform, some people believe that the quality-oriented education should be put into effect. But others claim that the exam-oriented one is still better. Those who approve the former opinion argue that low capacity with high marks is something terrible. More and more students who used to be excellent in the school feel confused and helpless after they enter the society because they have nothing but high scores. However, there are some people who oppose the former idea advocate that examination is a good and easy way to check out whether students have grasped all the knowledge #

they have learned. What’s more, they believe that the students can get a high score and also can do other things better, which also means that they have talent to do anything that they want. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but I prefer the former one. For one thing, to students school is not a place only for delving into books and getting marks. They have a lot of things to do so the quality seems to be more important. For another, we can get a good job or make a better life under the qualityoriented edcuation due to our ultimate aim that we will finally survive in the society instead of # getting high marks.

Education Reform Recently there is a general controversy over the issue that how the education should be reformed. When asked about attitudes towards it, the public views vary from person to person. The majority who advocate the reform hold the opinion that education reform should be focused on the quality-oriented one, which they believe can benefit the students in several fields. For instance, the quality-oriented education can not only cultivate students’ interest in acquirng knowledge and broadening their horizon, but also will help them learn in a relatively less-stressed circumstance. However, just as every coin has# two sides, some people are not in favor of the

Of the quality-oriented education, who argue that the students can not learn the real knowledge in such a relaxed surroundings. They believe the traditional education is not out of date and still can benefit the students. They also maintain that such kind of education suits our country fine in the current society and once the quality-oriented education was carried out, some serious problems might emerge from the surface. As to whether the quality-oriented education is a bless or a curse, the two sides both sound reasonable. On one hand, the students in the contemporary times are fashionable, eager to #

learn and have strong personality. In this case they need the quality-oriented education. On the other hand, they are looking for reliance, instruction and disciplines. In such case, they require traditional education. Perhaps, the best way to solve the issue is to take advantage of the merits of two different education reforms. #

Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck？ • ⑴Quite a few people believe “lucky numbers” like “ 8” can bring them good luck. ⑵Even some people spare no expense to get their telephone numbers or car numbers to include “ 8”. ⑶However, I hold the entirely different view. (提出观点段) • ⑷Of course, “lucky numbers” may sound propitious and make people feel good. ⑸For examples, those people who believe “lucky numbers” may feel hopeful and become confident when they are in difficulty. ⑹But it doesn’t mean that numbers really bring good luck. ⑺In my opinion, numbers are only numbers, which have nothing to do with one’s luck. （反面论证 段） #

• ⑻The following reasons can account for my argument. ⑼First, any number cannot change the reality and make a miracle. ⑽A good example to illustrate is a seriously injured man should be treated as soon as possible but not wait till his “lucky” date. ⑾Second, if lucky numbers really worked, nobody were willing to work hard any more. ⑿To conclude, we should work hard to obtain a happy life instead of depending on lucky numbers. （正面论证段） #

• （1）Nowadays, the means of communication are varied and different people make different choices. (2) Some people consider telephone as the best way of communication, while others tend to write letters to express their feelings and thoughts. (3) As to me, I am in favor of the former. #

• (4) Of course, writing a letter enables one to organize his thought more logically. (5) For example, writers can rewrite their letters again and again until hey can fully convey their thoughts. (6) But it is worth noting that writing a letter is not as efficient as making a call. (7) From my point of view, the telephone is more suitable for people in modern society. #

• (8) The following reasons can account for my argument. (9) First, the telephone gives us an easy and quick access to the person we want to contact. (10) A good example to illustrate is that it costs us only a few minutes to call an ambulance by telephone. (11) Second, by making a call, we can hear the speaker’s voice on the line, which I believe, can strengthen the relationship between each other. (12) To conclude, I incline to choose telephone as my communication means. #

• （1) Nowadays there is a heated debate as to whether text books should be recycled. (2) It is no doubt that recycling books brings about several advantages to the society. (3) Above all, recycling textbooks can save a lot of natural resources and reduce waste. (4) Thus, we can enjoy a better environment and leave more resources to the next generation. (5) Furthermore, students can buy the recycled text books at a low price, which means less stress on the parents, especially those relatively poor ones. #

• (6) As every coin has two sides, recycling has also some disadvantages. (7) For one thing, some of the recycled textbooks are very dirty, so parents worry that a health danger may exist in the class full of recycled textbooks. (8) For another, notes on the recycled textbooks may disturb the new user and draw his attention away from the textbooks. #

• (9) Weighing the advantages and disadvantages, I think textbooks should be recycled under some conditions. (10) Undoubtedly, many people would be in favor of the recycled textbooks if their quality can be guaranteed. (11) But it is worth noting that costs related to the recycling of textbooks should be controlled in an acceptable range. (12) Therefore, recycling textbooks is not only necessary but also helpful. #

利弊选择型常用句式 • • There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of…Some argue/hold that…, but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue. 如今，…问题引起了广泛讨论。有些人认为…， 但是其他人则对此持完全相反的观点。 #

• This case has aroused echoes throughout the country, with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely. • 这个事件在全国产生了反响，也有很多人纷纷 效仿，但是人们对它的看法却极不相同。 • The other side of the coin has voiced strong opposition saying that… • 争论的另一方表示强烈反对，他们声称…。 #

• • • A public debate has arisen as to the phenomenon of… 关于…的现象引发了一场公众讨论。 There is a long-running debate as to whether… 关于是否…的论战已经持续了很久。 There is no doubt that… has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，…有优点也有缺点。 #

• In reaction to the phenomenon/In answer to the problem/In response to the on-going social change, some people believe…; in their minds, …Others maintain…; in their eyes, … 对于这种现象/对于解决该问题/对于该 社会变化，一些人认为…, 在他们看来…。 其他人则认为…，在他们看来…。 #

• • • I am of the opinion that priority should be given to…我赞成首先…。 When we consider A versus B on the basis of …, shouldn’t we think that the latter/former is a better…? 在…的基础上考虑A和B，难道我们不 认为后者/前者是一种比较好的…? Personally, I side with the former/latter opinion. 就我个人而言，我支持前/后一种观点。 #

• With the development of …, A will prove to hold greater superiority over B. 随着…的发展，A将比B占有更大的优越性。 • It may be briefly summed up as follows. 简而言之，总结如下。 • From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that…综上所述， 我们可以得出结论 #

• • • From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点 更合理。 I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意这一观点…。 In my opinion, it is more advisable to do… than to do… 在我个人看来，做…比做…更明智。 #

• People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… However, others believe that… 对…的观点因人而异。有些人认为…， 然而其他人却认为…。 • There are different opinions among people as to… 关于…人们的观点大不相同。 #

句子翻译练习 • 1)体育特长生的招生在社会上引起了激烈的争论. • There is a heated debate over the enrollment of athletic students. • (2) 人们普遍认为体育特长生能够帮助学校在 体育比赛中获得名次． • It is commonly accepted that athletic students can help universities win a place in sports competition. • #

• (3) 相反，另外一些人认为降低录取分数有 诸多不好. • In contrast, others hold the view that there are many disadvantages to lower their scores of enrollment. #

• (4) 持有第一种观点的人认为大学可以通过对 体育特长生降低分数来提高其在体育比赛中的 成绩． • Those who hold the first opinion suggest that universities should improve themselves in sports competition by lowering scores for athletic students. • (5)然而另外一部分人认为此做法将有损招生 制度． • However, others think that it’s harmful to enrollment system. #

• (6)就我而言，我更赞成第二种观点． As to me, I prefer the latter opinion. • (7)人们对网络信息的观点各不相同. Different people will offer different ideas about the news on Internet. #

• (8)一些人认为网上的信息可以同时被几百万人同时阅 读． Some people may proclaim that news o Internet can be read by millions of viewers at the same time. • (9) 相反, 持反对观点的人认为网络新闻不如报纸客观. In contrast, the objectors think that Internet news is not as objective as newspapers. • (10)总的来说，我认为网络新闻在不远的将来将会成 为最重要的信息来源． In conclusion, I believe that Internet news will become the most important source of information in the near future. #

一)比较 1. The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 2. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3. A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. . . 4. It is reasonable to maintain that. . . but it would be foolish to claim that. . . 5. For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6. Like anything else, it has its faults. 7. A and B has several points in common. 8. A bears some resemblances to B. 9. However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think. . . , but things are different now. 13. Wondering as A is , it has its drawbacks. 14. It is true that A. . . , but the chief faults (obvious defects # )are. . .

• 二)原因 1. A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon (problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that. . . 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include. . . 5. The change in. . . largely results from the fact that. . . 6. Part of the explanations for it is that. . . #

• One of the most common factors (causes ) is that. . . Another contributing factor (cause ) is. . . Perhaps the primary factor is that … But the fundamental cause is that. . . #

• 三)后果 1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is. . . 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon. . . 4. Its consequence can be so great that. . . #

• 四)批驳 1)It is true that. . . , but one vital point is being left out. 2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3) Some people say. . . , but it does not hold water. 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that. . . 5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. #

• 6) It makes no sense to argue for. . . 7) Too much stress placed on. . . may lead to. . . 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that. . . 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that. . . #

• 五)举例 1) A good case in point is. . . 2) As an illustration, we may take. . . 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4). . . is often cited as an example. #

• 六)证明 1) No one can deny the fact that. . . 2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows. . . 4) Recent studies indicate that. . . 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that. . . • 6) According to statistics proved by. . . , it can be seen that. . . #

• 七)开篇 1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of. . . 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among. . . #

• 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over. . . 6) Never in our history has the idea that. . . been so popular. 7) Faced with. . . , quite a few people argue that. . . 8) According to a recent survey, . . . 9) With the rapid development of. . . , . . . #

八)结尾 1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that. . . 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop. . . 3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to. . . 4) In conclusion, it is imperative that. . . 5) There is no easy method, but. . . might be of some help. 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must. . . 7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. #

• 8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to. . . 10) Taking all these into account, we. . . 11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear. . . #

四级作文常用句型 I．．．．has both advantages and disadvantages． ……既有利又有弊。例如： 1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages． 2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages． 3．Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages． • #

• 举一反三： 1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages． 2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开 讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。） #

• II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part in．．． ……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如： 1．Computers play an important role in science and technology． 2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life． • Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies． 3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind． 4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness． • #

• 举一反三： 1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life． 2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone， email，fax have taken their place． #

III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如： 1．With the development of our economy，m any Chinese families can afford a car． 2．With the development of our economy and society， pollution is more and more serious． #

3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking onlinecourses at home． 4．With the current social and technological developments， employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed． #

• 举一反三： 1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious． • 随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。 2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards women is changing． • 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。 3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinese families can afford a car．随着中国改革开 放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了 常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。） #

• TV，a good thing or bad thing When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society #

• 二、结尾句型 • 英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来 结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking 等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。 V．．．．Take measures to do sth．例如： 1．We should take effective measures to control pollution in order to save the world． 2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams． 3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse． 4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks． #

观点论证型开头句型一 Nothing/Few things No idea/belief/view/attitude foolish dangerous than untrue …… as undesirable basic essential is are more/as Example: Perhaps no issue in this world is as basic to individual and national survival as food.

观点论证型开头句型二 Now there is a growing awareness/recognition on the part of people become increasingly aware/conscious of the need necessity importance to of …… Example: Now people become increasingly aware of a mastery of a foreign language.

观点论证型开头句型三 No one can deny that There is no denying that crucial basic essential . . . is to …… Example: No one can deny that, in China, the development of agriculture is essential to the overall prosperity of econony.

观点论证型开头句型四 “ ……” is a proverb full of logic, which has been generally accepted. shared/confirmed by a majority of people. Example: “Practice makes perfect”, is a proverb full of logic, which has been generally accepted.

观点论证型结尾句型一 Judging from the evidence offered, Taking into account all these factors, From what has been discussed above, we might reasonably arrive at the conclusion reach safely Draw that … come to

观点论证型结尾句型二 In conclusion, I would like to say In summary, it seems obvious question issue problem that deserves worthy of special attention from the public serious consideration immediate notice that… is a

• 观点论证型模板 (1)It is well-known/generally accepted/acknowledged/believed/held that论点. (2) 正确性表现之一, (3)Besides/In addition, 正确性表现二. (4)There are numerous examples supporting this argument. /Many remarkable examples contribute to this argument. (5)A case in point is例证一. (6)This is close to suggest例证一的道理. (7)For another example, 例证二. (8)进一步说明例证二. (9)Moreover, 例证三/其他 论据. (10)Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that重申观点. (11)But (what is worth noting is)需要注意的问题. /违背该观点可能的影响. (12)To conclude/Therefore, 指出正确的做法或态度。

Practice Makes Perfect “Practice makes perfect”, is a proverb full of logic, which has been generally accepted. It tells us that if we practice unfamiliar things again and again, we’ll be able to perform it perfectly. The truth of it is deep and profound. Many remarkable examples contribute to this argument. A case in point is in order to learn English well, we need extra practice, such as reading English books, going to English corners or communicating with foreigners. This is close to suggest that people can grasp English only if they follow

the saying “Practice makes perfect”. For another example, if we want to be skilled in using the computer, we also need to practise using it often. Moreover, in other areas of our life, practice is also necessary, and we can hardly do things well without practice and preparation. Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that continuous practice and efforts will lead to final success. In short, we must apply theories to practice in order to achieve our ultimate goals.

§ (1) The proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way” has been generally accepted. (2) It tells us that as long as a person possesses a strong will he will certainly accomplish a task no matter how difficult it is. (3) The truth of it is deep and profound.

§ (4) There are numerous examples supporting this argument. (5) A case in point is that Karl Marx, who spent five years on his greatest work Das Kapital, won the respect of people all over the world. (6) This is close to suggest that a strong will is a vital factor to one’s final success. (7) For another example, Cao Xueqin was confronted with great hardship in his pursuit for literature, but he finally completed his world-famous book Dreams of Red Chamber. (8) If he had given up on the half way, we would have no opportunity to appreciate such excellence. (9) Moreover, among college students, those who persist in studying hard and make it eventually are also good examples.

§ (10) Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that if we wish to succeed, we must firstly have a resolution and remember the saying “Where there is a will, there is a way”. (11) But what is worth noting is that a strong will should be accompanied by a right direction leading to the success. (12) To conclude, whatever you do, please remember “Where there is a will, there is a way”.

§ (1) Nowadays still many people believe that wealth equals happiness. (2) They deeply believe that they will surely lead a happy life with a great amount of money. (3) However, wealth is not necessarily associated with happiness. (4) The following reasons can support the argument.

§ (5) Undoubtedly, good health is more important than wealth to a happy life. (6) For example, if someone is diagnosed with an incurable disease, he can only buy pills and medical treatment to extend his life no matter how much money he has, but cannot regain the health. (7) Furthermore, there is a kind of happiness that is indispensable and priceless, but it can not be bought by money. (8) For example, love, no matter in what kinds of forms, can only be won by your genuine emotion. (9) In addition, too much wealth, if not properly used, may encourage its weak-willed owner to be addicted to some harmful habits and bring about his ruin.

§ (10) All mentioned above tell us that wealth does not equal happiness. (11) We can’t only count on wealth to obtain happiness. (12) Therefore, we should take a proper attitude towards wealth and make best use of wealth to pursue happiness.

“Haste makes waste” is a proverb full of logic, which has been generally accepted. It tells us that we have to do some steady and down-to-earth work if we want to accomplish something. The truth of it is deep and profound. There are numerous examples supporting this argument. A case in point is that if drivers try to be the first to leave when confronting a traffic jam, the streets may consequently be jammed by the cars, and none of the cars can move on step further.

For another example, students who answer questions in a hurry in their tests are usually found making more mistakes than others. Moreover, some students may fail their tests just because they are too hurried to write their names down on test papers. All mentioned above tell us that we should pay attention to the tempo of work. But one thing we have to notice is that although more haste may lead to less speed, we should highly efficient and avoid idleness. In short, whatever we do, we should achieve a balance between the speed and the quality because haste makes waste.

句子翻译练习 （观点论证型文章常用句式造句） § （１）我认为玩电脑游戏不仅浪费时间，而 且危害身体健康． As far as I am concerned, playing computer games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health. § （２）就我个人经验来看，大多数公司倾 向于雇佣高学历的人． According to my personal experience, most companies are inclined to employ the people with high diploma. §

§ （3）我深信预防比治疗更重要。 I am greatly convinced/assured/I firmly believe that prevention is better than cure. § （４）在众多观点之中，我偏向于知识比文凭 更重要的观点． Among various kinds of viewpoints, I prefer the one that knowledge is more important than diploma. § （５）依我来看，这种观点站不住脚． In my opinion/To my mind, this point of view doesn’t hold water.

（６）对于这些不诚信的行为，有很多原因 可以解释． There are many reasons explaining these dishonest behaviors. （７）主要的原因是很多人在追求他们自身 利益的过程中忽略了传统的道德原则． The main/chief reason is that countless people neglect the traditional moral principles in pursuit of their own interests.

（８）更重要的是我们缺乏有效的法律和监管制 度，所以很多不诚信的人能够逃脱惩罚． What’s more, we lack effective laws and regulations of supervision so that a great many dishonest people can escape punishment. （９）因此不诚信的问题变的非常严重． As a result, the problem of dishonesty becomes very serious. （１０）不诚信的行为有如下几个原因． The reasons of dishonest behaviors lie in several aspects. / Many factors contribute to …

观点论证型常用句型 § （1）It’s fairly well known that…plays an important role in…/It’s fairly well known that…is of great/vital importance to… 众所周知，…起着重要作用。 § (2)There are many reasons explaining… 解释…有很多原因。 § (3)Many reasons can be figured out to prove… 证明…有许多原因。

§ (4)I feel that it would be beneficial if… 我觉得如果…将会很有好处。 § (5)There is no denying that…无庸置疑…。 § (6)We have good reason to believe that… 我们有（充分/正当）理由相信…。 § (7)The above analysis naturally leads us to the following possible conclusion that…上 面的分析很自然地使我们得出结论…

§ (8)Considering the possible reasons, it is rational for us to conclude…鉴于以上可能的 原因，我们可以得出结论…。 § (9)Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/be aware that…现在越来越多的人开始意识到/ 接受…。

§ (10)Obviously, …If we want to do sth…, it is essential that…显然…，如果我们 想做…，…是很必要的。 § (11)There is no evidence to suggest that…没有证据表明…。

§ (12)Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that…也许到了重新认识… 态度/看法的时候了。 § (13) It may be true that…, but it doesn’t mean that…可能. . 是对的，但者并不意味 着…

§ (14)It is natural to believe that…, but we shouldn’t ignore that…认为…是很自然 的，但我们不应忽视…。 § (15)It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…该是采纳…的建议， 并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

尾段开头句型一 hoped It is suggested considerable concerted that persistent sustained exerted efforts should be tosolve the problem. made For one thing, …… For another, ……

尾段开头句型二 cannot be solved immediately, it is affected by many factors, is simpler to say than to do, Still there are ways. The most important is… popular way Another is… Still another one is… approach Although While

尾段开头句型三 It is high time that …. . necessary Here a few examples of some of the measures that might be done immediately. taken

尾段结尾句型一 solutions Many methods are being offered here, none of which will make sense if we do not work together to take actions immediately. 尾段结尾句型二 go We may have a long way to travel before road we reach the final goal destination but once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater.

尾段结尾句型三 If we follow the measures mentioned above, impact the hazard greatly. of … could be minimized