Direct Speech Indirect Speech The teacher said John

Direct Speech & Indirect Speech 直接引语和间接引语

人称的变化 The teacher said, “John, you must come earlier. ” 1> 第三者说：The teacher told John that he must come earlier. 2> 别人对约翰说：The teacher said that you must come earlier. 3> 约翰自己说： The teacher said that I must come earlier.

1. Tom said to me, “I have left my book in your room. ” → Tom told me that he had left his book in my room. 2. Mary said to me , “The boy can look after himself” → Mary told me that the boy could look after himself.

时态的变化 Jim says, “I’ve read Tom’s book. ” Jim says (that) he has read Tom’s book. He will say, “The boy was lazy. ” He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 直接引语的引述动词若为现在时 态或将来时态，直接引语变为间 接引语时，时态可保持不变。

He told me, “ I know him. ” He told me that he knew him. “ I took it home with me, ” she said. She said she had taken it home with her. He said, “ I will be in Paris on Monday. He said he would be in Paris on Monday. 如果直接引语的引述动词若为过去时态， 直接引语变为间接引语时，宾语从句的 时态要向过去推一个时态。

1)She said, “You speak English better than me. ” ￫ She said that I spoke English better than her. 一般现在时 ￫ 一般过去时 2)Nancy said, “I’ll call you again later. ” ￫ Nancy said that she would call me again later. 一般将来时 ￫ 过去将来时

3)He said, “I’m making a phone call. ” ￫ He said that he was making a phone call. 现在进行时 ￫ 过去进行时

4) He said, “I took it home with me. ” ￫ He said that he had taken it home with him. 一般过去时 ￫ 过去完成时 She said, “I was born in 1995. ” ￫ She said that she was born in 1995. 一般过去时如有具体时间状语时， 可以不变。

5) Paul said, “Our team has won the match. ” ￫ Paul said that their team had won the match. 现在完成时 ￫ 过去完成时

He said, “The earth goes around the sun. ” He said that the earth goes around the sun. 直接引语如果是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变.

“I am going to school now. ” he said. He said that he was going to school then. “Tom will leave for London tomorrow. ” said Mum said that Tom would leave for London the next day.

直接引语 now 时 today, tonight 间 状 语 this week 的 变 (month, etc) 化 ： yesterday the day before yesterday 间接引语 then that day, that night that week (month, etc) the day before yesterday two days before

直接引语 last week (month, etc) two days ago 间接引语 the previous week (month, etc) two days before / earlier tomorrow the next / following day the day after in two days’ time tomorrow next week the next / following week

He said, “I arrived this morning. ￫ He said he had arrived that morning. She said, “I’ll come here again tonight. ” ￫ She said she would go there again that night.

其它变化 直接引语 间接引语 this that 指示代词 these those come go 动词 bring take here there 地点副词

注：如直接引语要变为间接引语， 但如转述发生在当天、当地的事， 这些词不必改变。 This morning he said , “He’ll come here tomorrow. ” →This morning he said that he would /will come here tomorrow.

1. He said, “ I am Tom. ” that ___he___ was → He said _____ Tom. 2. “Whose book are you reading? ” Anne asked Tom. →Anne asked Tom whose book wasreading. ____he____ 3. “Have you been to the USA? ” Ken whether /if asked Jane. → Ken asked Jane _____ she was ____ been to the USA.

直接引语为陈述句 1. He said, “I’m a doctor. ” → He said (that) he was a doctor. 2. She said to me, “I’m studying English these days. ” →She told me that she was studying English those days.

一般疑问句： Mr. Lee said to him, "Do you know that girl? " Mr. Lee asked him whether he knew that girl. She asked me, “ have you been to Beijing? ” She asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing.

特殊疑问句： • He asked me, "How high is that building? " He asked me how high that building is. • “Why did you come so late? ” the teacher asked him. The teacher asked him why he had come so late.