Direct quotation Use quotation marks and include page

¢ ¢ ¢ Direct quotation Use quotation marks and include page numbers. Samovar and Porter (1997) point out that "language involves attaching meaning to symbols" (p. 188). Alternatively: "Language involves attaching meaning to symbols" (Samovar & Porter, 1997, p. 188). A quotation of 40 or more words should be formatted as a freestanding, indented block of text without quotation marks. Note the location of the final full stop. Weston (1948) argues that: One of the most important phases of our special guests was to get information that would throw light on degeneration of the facial pattern that occurs so often in our modern civilization. This has its expression in the narrowing and lengthening of the face and the development of crooked teeth. (p. 174)

¢ Indirect quotation/paraphrasing ¢ Attaching meaning to symbols is considered to be the origin of written language (Samovar & Porter, 1997). ¢ N. B. Page numbers are optional when paraphrasing, although authors are encouraged to include them, especially when it assists the reader to locate the reference in long pieces of text (Publication Manual, p. 171).

¢ Citations from a secondary source ¢ Arnett (as cited in Claiborne & Drewery, 2010) suggests there is an emerging adult stage in the lifespan of humans, covering young people between the ages of 18 and 25 years. ¢ List Claiborne & Drewery in your reference list, not Arnett.

¢ Webpages (unpublished and informally published work) ¢ Include the same elements as for a book, but exclude the publication information and add a retrieval statement in its place. ¢ (1) Author (2) Date (3) Title (4) Retrieval statement ¢ Statistics New Zealand. (2007). New Zealand in profile 2007. Retrieved from http: //www. stats. govt. nz ¢ Include a retrieval date if the source material is likely to change over time (e. g. Retrieved July

Unpublished and Informally published works (personal or institutional Webpage) In Reference List Statistics New Zealand. (2007). New Zealand in profile 2007. Retrieved from http: //www. stats. govt. nz In Text Citation (Statistics New Zealand, 2007) It is no longer necessary to include the date of retrieval, unless webpage content is likely to be updated (e. g. Wiki). (NEW)

One author - Brown, W. P. Two authors - Samovar, L. A. , & Porter, R. E. Three to five authors- Krause, K. -L. , Bochner, S. , & Duchesne, S.

Six or seven authors Shepherd, R. , Barnett, J. , Cooper, H. , Coyle, A. , Moran. Ellis, J. , Senior, V. , & Walton, C. (2007). Towards an understanding of British public attitudes concerning human cloning. Social Science & Medicine, 65(2), 377 -392. If there are six or seven authors, list all authors in the reference list. From the first citation in text, use et al. after the first author ¢ (Shepherd et al. , 2007) or ¢ Shepherd et al. (2007) highlight the. . . If there are eight or more authors, list the first six, then three elipses (…) and finish with the last author