DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH QUESTION DIRECT SPEECH Direct speech

DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH (QUESTION)

DIRECT SPEECH → Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words. → We use quotation marks when we quote a speaker’s words. Example: v Jane said, “Are Cats fun to watch? ” v Ann said, “ Is My sister a student? ” v John said, “Why is my book on the table? ”

EXAMPLE Ann said, “ why do you love me? ” Quotation Mark Comma Question Reporting Verb

DIRECT SPEECH VS INDIRECT SPEECH Direct Speech Indirect Speech Reproducing another person’s exact words. Quotation marks are used. Ann said, “I am hungry. ” Tom said, “I need my pen. ” Reproducing the idea of another person’s words. Not all of the exact words are used: verb forms and pronouns may change. Quotation marks are not used. Ann said that she was hungry. Tom said that he needed his pen.

IF THE REPORTING VERB IN THE FORM OF PRESENT, PRESENT PERFECT AND FUTURE No need to change the tense v Pronoun changes v Adverb of time doesn’t change Example: 1. Ann says, “where is My book? ” Ann says where her book is. 2. Jane has said, “ Is My sister a student? ” Jane has said whether sister is a student. 3. Tom will say, “ Do I need my pen. ” Tom will say if he needs his pen. v

IF THE REPORTING VERB IN THE FORM OF PAST Need to change the tense Pronoun changes Adverb of time changes Example: 1. He said, “Do I work hard. ” He said if he worked hard. 2. Jennie said, “Why did I go to a doctor yesterday. ” Jennie said why she had gone to a doctor the day before.

DIRECT INDIRECT (QUESTION) Questions become statements § Reporting Verb for question usually asked § The changing of the tense depends on the reporting verb v ASKING INFORMATION (W-H QUESTIONS: What, Where, Why, When, Whose, Whom, Which, How) §

VERBS CHANGE Simple Present John asked Jane, ” Why do you come late? ” John asks Jane, " why do you come late Present Continuous “what are you looking for, Jim? ” asked Jack Simple Past John asked Jane why she came late. John asks Jane why she come late ( the tense doesn’t change) Past Continuous Jack asked Jim what he was looking for

Present Perfect Rino asked me, ” What have you done in my room? ” Simple Past Aldo asked me, ” why didn’t you help me yesterday? ” Future Mella asked me, “where will you go? ” Past Perfect Rino asked me what I had done in his room. Past Perfect Aldo asked me why I hadn’t helped him the day before Past Future Mella asked me where I would go.

V YES/NO QUESTION (DO YOU, DID YOU, DOES SHE, WILL YOU) VERBS CHANGES Simple Present Maya asked Bram, ” Do you invite me? ” Simple Present Past Continuous “Are you listening to me? ” the teacher asked me Past Maya asked Bram if he invited her. Continuous The teacher asked me whether I was listening to him.

Present Perfect “Have you finished your work? ” Mike asked to Bella Simple Past Ritza asked him, ” Did you see the accident last night? ” Past Perfect Mike asked Bella if she had finished her work. Past Perfect Ritza asked him whether he had seen the accident the previous night Past Future I asked Kim, ” Will you be here at ten? ” future I asked Kim if she would be there at ten.

EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND PLACE DIRECT Today Yesterday Next week Last week A week ago Now This here INDIRECT That day The day before The following week The previous week A week before Then That there