Digital ModelingImplementation of Valve Amplifiers Authors Cody Frye
- Slides: 31
Digital Modeling/Implementation of Valve Amplifiers Authors: Cody Frye & Mitchell Gould Advisor: Dr. Yufeng Lu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 4 th 2019 1
Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Introduction Motivation System Description Methods Triode Valve Numerical Analysis WDF Results Conclusion 2
Introduction ● Significance of valve amplifiers ● Pros of valve amplifiers ○ Smooth clipping ○ Warm tone characteristics ● Cons of valve amplifiers ○ Weight ○ Heat ○ Cost 3
Introduction 4
Motivation ● Affordable and Convenient ● Variety of Amplifiers to choose from ● Digital components reduce overall size 5
System Description 6
7
Pre-Amplification Stage 8
Methods ● Frequency Bin / Lookup Table Method ● Model Individual Blocks of System ● Wave Digital Filtering 9
Method 1 (Frequency Bin Method) . . . 10
Method 1 (Frequency Bin Method) ● Separate input signal into Multiple frequency bins ○ band. Pass Filters ● Non. Linear transfer function represented by L. U. T. s ● Sum all the bins together 11
WDF Method (Method 2) ● Wave quantities ● A = incident wave ● B = reflected wave A = V + RI [eq. 1] B = V - RI [eq. 2] V = (A+B) / 2 I = (A-B)/2 R [eq. 4] [eq. 3] 12
WDF Method (Method 2) WDF components WDF port adapters 13
Triode Valve Numerical Analysis Nonlinear Triode Currents as a Function of Vgk and Vpk Triode Amplifier Model of Triode 14
Triode Valve Numerical Analysis Norman Koren’s Equations Leach’s Equations 15
Leach’s model V gk = 350 k= Vp 00 =3 250 Vpk k= p V 200 k= Vp 150 k= Vp 00 =1 Vpk = 50 Vpk =0 Vpk 2 k Vg = 1 k Vg =0 = gk V k Vg -1 2 =- k= Vg -3 16
Koren’s model 0 30 0 k = = 25 0 p V pk 20 0 V k = = 15 00 p V pk 1 V pk = 50 V k= 0 Vp k= Vp = gk 1 V =0 k Vg = gk -1 V k= Vg Vgk -2 = -3 17
Triode Valve Numerical Analysis 18
WDF 1 st Order LPF RC LPF Circuit WDF Equivalent 19
WDF 1 st Order Filter PSpice simulation results for 1 st Order LPF WDF simulation results for 1 st Order LPF 20
WDF Single Triode Stage Amplifier Single Stage Circuit Single Stage WDF equivalent 21
WDF Single Triode Stage Amplifier Single Stage Circuit Single Stage WDF equivalent 22
WDF Single Triode Stage Amplifier Single Stage Circuit Single Stage WDF equivalent 23
WDF Single Triode Stage Amplifier Single Stage Circuit Single Stage WDF equivalent 24
WDF Single Triode Stage Amplifier Single Stage Circuit Single Stage WDF equivalent 25
WDF Single Triode Stage Amplifier WDF Triode Stage PSpice Triode Stage 26
WDF Single Triode Stage Amplifier WDF G Chord results 27
Conclusion ● In this project, a digital emulation of an analog valve amplifier has been designed. The non-linear characteristics of valve amplifier has been modeled. The overall response of the valve amplifier has been successfully emulated using Wave Digital Filtering technique. 28
Future Work ● Model distortion characteristics of real amplifier using cascaded amplification stages and self-tuning algorithm ● Implement WDF system including R-Adapter on an ARM-based embedded system 29
Questions? Thank you! 30
[1] M. Karjalainen and J. Pakarinen, "Wave Digital Simulation of a Vacuum-Tube Amplifier, " 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Toulouse, 2006, pp. V-V. doi: 10. 1109/ICASSP. 2006. 1661235 [2] S. D Angelo, J. Pakarinen, and V. Välimäki. New Family of Wave-Digital Triode Models. IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech, and Lang. Process. , vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 313 321, February 2013. [3] Bohumil Psenicka, Francisco Garciá Ugalde, and Andrés Romero, “Design of Wave Digital Filters, ” Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, December 2009 [4] M. Antosová and V. Davídek, “Design and Implementation of Wave Digital Filters, ” Department of Circuit Theory, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic September 2001 [5] Ivan Cohen, Thomas Hélie. Measures and Models of Real Triodes, for the Simulation of Guitar Amplifiers. Société Française d’Acoustique. Acoustics 2012, Apr 2012, Nantes, France. 2012. [6] Jyri Pakarinen, David T. Yeh, “A Review of Digital Techniques for Modeling Vacuum-Tube Guitar Amplifiers, ” Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland, Report, August 2009. [7] James Siegle, “DSP Implementation of a 1961 Fender Champ Amplifier, ” B. S. Thesis, Dept. Elect. Eng. , Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois, U. S. , 2003 [8] Marshall Leach, “SPICE Models for Vacuum-Tube Amplifiers, ” Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. , Report, March 1995 31
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