Digital image Processing By Asst Prof Juthawut Chantharamalee
Digital image Processing By Asst. Prof. Juthawut Chantharamalee Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamental Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology Suan Dusit
Part 1 Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamental Computer Science at Suan Dusit University Thailand
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 ������������ �� ���� � �� ������ (Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 ����������� Blind spot ������ ���� � ���� �� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 Simultaneous contrast Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Image Processing, 3 rd Edition. �� �� � ����� � � ������� ����� �� �������� �� ��� � � Richard E. Wood, Digital ����
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 Optical illusion • ������������ ��������� • ������������ �������� • ������������ ��������� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital • Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 Electromagnetic Spectrum Sir Isaac Newton �������� ����������� ��������� ����� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 https: //chom 2539. files. word press. com/2014/09/e 0 b 8 a 0 e 0 b 8 b 2 e 0 b 89 ee 0 b 899 e 0 b 8 b 4 e 0 b 988 e 0 b 887113. jpg https: //wavelength 101. files. wordpress. com/2016/07/ 2887 c- spectroscopy_03. jpg
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 Image ������� ���� � ���
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 Sensors ������ Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 ����� 2 ������� single sensor Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 http: //www. visionsystems. com/articles/2012/06/vrmagic releases-single-sensor-usb-cameraswith-global-shutter. html http: //www. jai. com/en/products/progr essivescan
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 ������ line sensor (Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 http: //extremeelectronics. co. in/lfrm 8/H elp/Line. Sensor. htm
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 http: //www. genuineholographics. com/camera. html http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: CCD_line_sensor. JPG http: //www. photonics. com/Article. aspx? AID=33915
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 ������ array sensor http: //www. vcharkarn. com/vcafe/63721 chargecoupled devices (CCDs) http: //micro. magnet. fsu. edu/primer/digitaliaging/concepts/ful lframe. html
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 http: //uuhsc. utah. ed u/uumsi/ourmegsyst em. html#dataacquisition http: //www. dpreview. com /glossary/camerasystem/color-filter-array http: //www. tekscan. com/about
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 1 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Im age_sensor http: //www. aliexpress. com/store/product/CMOS -600 TVL-Security-Array- Camera-CCTVKamera-Video-indoor- outdoor-waterresistance-night- vision-30 m. D/904683_714542019. html
Part 2 Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamental Computer Science at Suan Dusit University Thailand
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Image Sampling and Quantization ����������� Sampling = ��������� ��� Quantuzation = ����� function ��� � ������ http: //th. wikipedia. org/wiki/%E 0%B 9%84%E 0%B 8%9 F%E 0%B 8%A 5 %E 0%B 9%8 C: THdigitized. png
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Image Sampling and Quantization Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ����� Image Sampling and Quantization Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ����� digital image
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ���� image ���� matrix ��� M ������ ��� N ������
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ������� digital image 3 ������ Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ����������� image ������ –Image element ���� –Picture element ���� –Pixel ���� –Pel ����
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Spatial Resolution • Sampling ���������� Spatial Resolution ����������������� image ���� M x N pixels • ��������� dots (pixels) per unit distance �������������� –������� dots per inch (dpi)
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Intensity ���� Gray level Resolution • Quantization ��������� intensity ���� Gray level resolution �������������� • ������������ bit ���� 8 bits �� �� 28 = 256 levels
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ����� spatial resolution ��� � • Original image 1250 dpi �� 3692 x 2812 Pixels Image 72 dpi �� � 213 x 162 Pixels �� � ���� �� �� Figure 2. 20 �� �� �zoom ��� �original image � ��� �� �� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ����� gray-level resolution Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ����������
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ����gray level �� ��� ���� ��? ? ?
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Nearest neighbor interpolation
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Bilinear interpolation g(i, j) = (1 -t)*(1 -u)*f 1(i 1, j 1)+t*(1 -u)*f 2(i 2, j 2)+(1 -
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ��������� f(0. 6) = (0. 6)(50)+(0. 4)(20) =38
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ������� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ��� ��� ��� ��� �pixels Neighbors of Pixel. 1��� P ����� (x, y) 4 - neighbors ��� p ��������� N 4 (P)
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Neighbors of Pixel . 2��� P ����� (x, y) diagonal neighbors ��� p ��������� Nd (P)
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Neighbors of Pixel . 3��� P ����� (x, y) 8 - neighbors ��� p ����������� N 8 (P)
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 ���� V = {1} • Figure 2. 25(a) ����������� pixel �� image • Figure 2. 25(b) ������� 8 adjacency ������������ • Figure 2. 25(c) ����� m-adjacency Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Distance Measures ��� pixel p , q ��� z ������ ( x, y ), ( s, t ) ��� ( v, w ) �������� D(p, q) ≥ 0 (D(p, q) = 0 ����� p=q) D(p, q) = D(q, p) D(p, z) ≤ D(p, q) + D(q, z)
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 Euclidean distance De (p, q) = [(x-s)2 + (y-t)2]1/2
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 2 D 4 distance ���� city – block distance D 4 (p, q) = l x - s l + l y - t l
Part 3 Chapter 2 Digital Image Fundamental Computer Science at Suan Dusit University Thailand
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 ����������� Array versus Operations Digital Image. Matrix Processing • ���� �� image ���� 2 x 2 ����� 2 image • Array product
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Matrix product �� �������� images ������ array operation
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Linear versus Nonlinear Operations • ������������ H ������� output image, g(x, y) ������� input image, f(x, y) H[f(x, y)] = g(x, y) • H ������� linear operator ��� ai ��� aj ������� � fi(x, y) ��� fj (x. y) ��� image ��������
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 ���� A 1 = 1 ��� A 2 = -1 ��� sum operator ���
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 �� ����� sum operator ���� linear operator
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 ���� A 1 = 1 ��� A 2 = -1 ��� max operator ���
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 จะเหนไดวา max operator เปน nonlinear operator
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 ��� (a) ��� add Gaussian Noise (+) (sensor noise) ����������� Figure from Rafael��� C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, Edition. averaging 3 rd ������ (a)
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Image subtraction (-) for enhancing differences Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 (a) ��� X-ray ��������� )b) ������� iodine ��������� )c) �������� a ��� b (d) ����� c ������� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 ���� Shading correction � Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 � ���� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Set and Logical Operations Basic set operations Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 a) ������� set A b) Complement of A ��� image negative c) ��� B ��� image ������� A ������� pixel ������� 3 ������� �� pixel �� A ���������� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition. A U B = {max(a, b)|a E A, b E B }
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Logical Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition. operations
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Spatial Operations • Single-pixel operations �������� pixel ��������� s = T(z) ������ z ���������� pixel �� original image s ���������� pixel �� image ��������� T ��� transformation function
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 ������� � Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 • Neighborhood operations ���� pixel �������� Figure from Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Wood, Digital Image Processing, 3 rd Edition.
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Geometric spatial transformations and image registration • Geometric transformation ����� 2 ������� ���. 1 spatial transformation of coordinate 2. intensity interpolation ������������ pixel • transformation of coordinate ������� ) x, y) = T{(v, w)} ������ (v, w) ��� coordinate ��� original image (x, y) ��� coordinate ��� transformed image
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Affine Transformation
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 ������� 21 ������� interpolation 3 ���
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Image Registration
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 Image Transforms • ����� image ����� spatial domain ������� �� transform domain • ����� 2 D linear transform ������ ��� f(x, y) ��� input image r(x, y, u, v) ���� forward transform kernel T(u, v) ��� forward transform ��� f(x, y)
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 x = 0, 1, 2, … , M-1 y = 0, 1, 2, … , N-1 u = 0, 1, 2, … , M-1 v = 0, 1, 2, … , N-1 • ��������� (inverse transform)������ s(x, y, u, v) ��� inverse transform kernel
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3
Chapter 2: Digital Image Fundamental Part 3 �������� transform domain (��� Fourier transform)
The Chapter End 2 Digital Image
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