DigestiveCirculatory Digestive System Digestion is the breakdown of
Digestive/Circulatory
Digestive System • Digestion is the breakdown of complex material and making it simplex • Rhythmic contractions are called Peristalsis
Mouth • INGEST food by mouth • Teeth and Tongue do Mechanical Digestion (grinding/mashing) • Salivary Amylase is excreted and starts to breaks down starch
What’s the difference between chemical and mechanical digestions?
Esophagus • ESOPHAGUS is a tube that goes from the mouth to the STOMACH • CHEMICAL DIGESTION of starch continues • Chemical Digestion is splitting large molecules into small molecules by enzymes
STOMACH • Churns and Mashes food • Muscular • Makes food into CHYME (add thick soupy mixture) • Begins chemical digestion of proteins by gastric juices (hydrochloric acid)
Small Intestine • ALL CHEMICAL DIGESTION (ENZYMES ) • Has VILLI, which are small fingerlike projections • Villi increase the surface area to absorb food
Small Intestine • Nutrients is absorbed through the VILLI and goes into your bloodstream - this is how your circulatory system and digestive system work together • i. e. sugar rush
Villi
ACCESSORY ORGANS • PANCREAS secretes enzymes into the small intestine to chemically digest all food • BILE made by the LIVER and stored in the GALLBLADDER is secreted to digest lipids
Large Intestine • What is not absorbed by the small intestine and is left goes to the Large Intestine • Water, Minerals, and Vitamins are absorbed and what’s left is called feces • Feces is eliminated, which is called EGESTION
Homeostasis Disrupted • Diarrhea: feces is not staying in large intestine and water is not reabsorbed • Constipation: feces remain in the large intestine • Appendicitis: infection of appendix • Ulcer: painful sore in stomach lining
Organic Molecules Large Molecule Broken ENZYME Down Into Carbohydr Maltase ates Lipids Lipase Proteins Protease Simple Sugars Fatty acids and Glycerol Amino
STOP
Circulatory System • Nutrients is absorbed in the Villi by capillaries • Blood Vessels transport materials by the circulatory system • Circulation is the distribution of materials to the body
Circulatory System Pulmonary Circulation Blood goes from heart to lungs to get oxygen Systemic Circulation Blood goes from heart to the entire body, via the aorta
Heart • 4 chambers • Muscular • 2 Atria • 2 Ventricles • Pumps blood through Vessels
Atria & Ventricles • Right and Left Atria receive blood • Right and Left Ventricles pump blood into arteries • Right Ventricle sends blood to the lungs through the pulmonary circuit • Left Ventricle sends blood to the body through the systemic circuit via the AORTA
Blood Vessels • Materials are transported by Blood Vessels • Blood Vessels are: • 1) Arteries • 2) Capillaries • 3) Veins
• Arteries- carry blood away from heart, are very muscular and elastic. The blood here is under pressure • Capillaries- connect arteries to veins and are microscopic. GAS EXCHANGE takes place in them • Veins- returns blood under LOW pressure from the capillaries, and they have valves
Blood • Blood transports materials • Parts of Blood: • 1) Plasma • 2) White Blood Cells • 3) Red Blood Cells • 4) Platelets
Plasma & Platelets • Plasma is the non-living part of blood that transports blood cells, hormones, and waste • Platelets- are either red or white, have no nucleus, and are involved in clotting
Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) • Red Blood Cells have NO nucleus • Made in Bone Marrow • Has the iron-rich pigment Hemoglobin which attaches oxygen, called Oxyhemoglobin
Homeostasis Disrupted • High Blood Pressure- pressure in the arteries in increased by stress, diet, genetics and it weakens the heart • Coronary Thrombosis- type of heart attack caused by a blockage of an artery • Anemia- blood does not have enough hemoglobin
- Slides: 25