Digestive System The digestive system has two main

Digestive System

The digestive system has two main functions: 1. to convert food into nutrients your body needs, and to rid the body of waste. 2. To do its job, the system requires the cooperation of a number of different organs throughout the body, including the mouth, stomach, intestines, liver and gallbladder

Hey there!! Here are 10 Fun Facts +1!! • • 1. An adult esophagus ranges from 10 to 14 inches in length, and 1 inch in diameter. • 2. We make 1 to 3 pints of saliva a day. • 3. Muscles contract in waves to move the food down the oesophagus. This means that food would get to a person's stomach, even if they were standing on their head • 4. It takes your mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, pancreas and liver just to digest a glass of milk. . • 5. An adults stomach can hold approximately 1. 5 liters of material. • 6. The average male will eat about 50 tons of food during his lifetime in order to sustain a weight of 150 pounds. • 7. Within the colon, a typical person harbors more than 400 distinct species of bacteria • 8. The liver is the largest organ in the body and performs more than 500 functions. • 9. The small intestine (pronounced in-test-in) is a long tube about 1 and a half to 2 inches around, and about 22 feet long. • 10. A full grown horse? ? Their coiled up intestines are 89 feet long. • 11. Food stays in your stomach for 2 to 3 hours. • https: //sites. google. com/site/digestivesystem 3051/fun-facts-2

Digestive System Overview • The major parts of the digestive system: • Salivary glands/Tongue-no hair on the tongue! • Pharynx • Epiglottis • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Rectum • Anus • Accessory digestive organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Esophagus • From pharynx to stomach: • Salivary glands release mucus for lubrication, antimicrobial agents, and amylase to digest starch. • Epiglottis covers respiratory tract during swallowing • At end of esophagus is the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) • Propulsion of food occurs through peristalsis: • Contraction occurs behind the bolus of food and relaxation occurs ahead of the bolus of food

Stomach Functions: • store food • initiate digestion of proteins-peptoids • kill bacteria with the strong acidity (low p. H of the gastric juice) HCL • make chyme • material passed from the stomach to the small intestine is called the chyme.

Small Intestine • Small intestine is from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve • 21 ft in length, small in diameter compared to large intestine Regions of the small intestine: • duodenum: absoprtion of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, Ca 2+, iron • jejuneum: absopriton of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, Ca 2+, iron • ileum: absorption of bile salts, vitamin B 12, water electrolytes. • Villi/ microvilli: increases surface area for absorption • Core of villus: • blood capillaries: absorption of monosaccharides, amino acids • lymphatic vessels (central lacteal): absorption of fats

Large Intestine • Large intestine is from the ileocecal valve to the anus • Parts of the large intestine: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal • contains no villi • involved in absorption of water, electrolytes, vitamins. • Contains bacteria E-Coli which serve a number of functions • absorption of vitamins (B and K) • produce small fatty acids used as energy by GI epithelial cells • help breakdown indigestible molecules • final water content of feces is about 200 ml

Liver • Major functions: • • • Production and secretion of bile-breaks down fats Detoxication of blood-toxins Secretion and storage of glucose Production of albumin Stores fat soluble vitamins-A, D, K, E • Liver clears substances via the bile duct in a similar manner to the way the kidney clears substances into the nephron. Gall bladder-looks like a thumb • Gallbladder stores bile.

PANCREAS • Pancreatic juice contains: • Produces insulin-controls blood sugar level • water: H 2 O • bicarbonate: HCO 3 • amylase: digests starch • trypsin: digests protein • lipase: digests fatty acids

Disorders: • Crohn’s Disease • Causes: unknown • Chronic inflammation bowel disease (IBD) • Effects especially the last part of the small intestine, but can affect from mouth to anus area. • Age 15 -35 700, 00 people in US • Symptoms: Diagnosis: • Abdominal pain blood test • Diarrhea stool test • Fever video capsule endoscopy • Weight loss barium x-ray • Vomiting Treatment: Diet/Medication Humira

Disorders • Gastritis-inflammation of the stomach • Hemorrhoids-inflammation of the rectum and or anus area-blood vessels. • Hernia-intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall • Ulcers-bacteria breaking down the mucin layer in the stomach exposing the inner layer-mucosa layer of the stomach. • Hepatitis-viral infections of the liver B & C • Diarrhea-liquid state of waste-feces • Constipation-solid state of the waste-feces • Acid Reflux-value at the end of the esophagus-back wash into the esophagus.

Celiac Disease • Disorder to the digestive tract caused by the autoimmune system disorder • Gluten sensitivity-protein found in wheat, rye, barley • Symptoms: • Gas • Bloating • Cramps • Diarrhea • Common foods: • Pasta’s, breads, crackers, seasonings, spices and some fried foods. • No cure! • Treatment: Diet/Fruits vegetables, seeds, fish, dairy products • Diagnosis: Blood test for antibodies

http: //www. nationalgeographic. com/science/healthand-human-body/digestive-system/ • Explanation of the digestive system