DIGESTION NOTES http www brainpop comhealthbodysystemsdigestivesystem 7 th
DIGESTION NOTES http: //www. brainpop. com/health/bodysystems/digestivesystem/ 7 th grade science
STRUCTURE OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • • • MOUTH ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LIVER PANCREAS GALLBLADDER LARGE INTESTINE RECTUM
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DIGESTION? • BREAKS DOWN FOOD INTO MOLECULES THE BODY CAN USE. • MOLECULES ARE ABSORBED INTO BLOOD AND CARRIED THROUGHOUT BODY. • WASTES ARE ELIMINATED.
MECHANICAL DIGESTION • THE PHYSICAL PROCESS THAT TEARS, GRINDS AND MASHES LARGE FOOD PARTICLES INTO SMALLER PIECES.
CHEMICAL DIGESTION • THE PROCESS THAT BREAKS LARGE FOOD MOLECULES INTO SMALLER MOLECULES USING ENZYMES.
1. MOUTH • BREAKS DOWN STARCH INTO SUGAR • TEETH AND TONGUE ARE IMPORTANT IN MECHANICAL DIGESTION. • SALIVARY GLANDS IMPORTANT IN CHEMICAL DIGESTION.
SALIVA • THE FLUID RELEASED WHEN YOUR MOUTH WATERS.
EPIGLOTTIS • Covers up the trachea when you swallow so that nothing but air enters. • Allows food to go down the esophagus
2. ESOPHAGUS • A MUSCULAR TUBE THAT CONNECTS THE MOUTH TO THE STOMACH LINED WITH MUCUS TO ALLOW FOOD TO BE MOVED ALONG
PERISTALSIS • CONTRACTIONS OF ESOPHAGUS THAT PUSHES ALONG FOOD.
3. STOMACH • A J-SHAPED MUSCULAR POUCH • MOST MECHANICAL DIGESTION OCCURS HERE • CHURNS THE FOOD INTO A THICK, SOUPY LIQUID. • PEPSIN CHEMICALLY DIGESTS PROTEINS INTO AMINO ACIDS. • HYDROCHLORIC ACID KILLS BACTERIA.
4. SMALL INTESTINES • THE PART WHERE MOST CHEMICAL DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OCCURS HERE. • SECRETIONS FROM THE LIVER, PANCREAS AND SMALL INTESTINE BREAK FOOD INTO SIMPLE SUGARS AND AMINO ACIDS.
VILLI • FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONS THAT INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA OF THE SMALL INTESTINES. THESE ABSORB NUTRIENTS.
LIVER • THE LARGEST AND HEAVIEST ORGAN INSIDE THE BODY; IT BREAKS DOWN SUBSTANCES AND ELIMINATES NITROGEN FROM THE BODY. • (PRODUCES BILE)
BILE • A SUBSTANCE THAT BREAKS UP FAT PARTICLES INTO SMALLER ONES.
PANCREAS • PRODUCE ENZYMES THAT BREAK DOWN STARCHES, PROTEINS AND FATS ( TRIANGULAR ORGAN)
5. LARGE INTESTINES • THE LAST SECTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM WHERE WATER IS ABSORBED FROM FOOD AND THE REMAINING MATERIALS IS ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY • LARGE INTESTINES CONTAIN BACTERIA THAT PRODUCE VITAMINS.
THE END • RECTUM – A SHORT SECTION AT THE END OF THE LARGE INTESTINE WHERE WASTE MATERIAL IS COMPRESSED INTO A SOLID FORM BEFORE BEING ELIMINATED. • ANUS –THE OPENING AT THE END OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THROUGH WHICH WASTES ARE ELIMINATED.
KEEP YOUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM HEALTHY • Drinking water and eating a healthy diet • Eat foods rich in fiber (fruits, vegetables, and whole grains)
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