Diffusion Osmosis Unit 3 Lecture 3 Diffusion movement

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Diffusion & Osmosis Unit 3 – Lecture 3

Diffusion & Osmosis Unit 3 – Lecture 3

Diffusion – movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area

Diffusion – movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration �works to balance the concentration gradients of substances �ex: perfume in a room, dye in a glass of water…

Diffusion – cont’d Concentration Gradient – difference in concentration of a substance over a

Diffusion – cont’d Concentration Gradient – difference in concentration of a substance over a certain area � “with/down” the gradient = particles move from area of high conc. to low conc. �typical diffusion; natural movement � “against” the gradient = particles move from area of low conc. to high conc. �non-natural movement; requires E

Diffusion – cont’d Dynamic Equilibrium – a balance of the distribution of particles in

Diffusion – cont’d Dynamic Equilibrium – a balance of the distribution of particles in an area acknowledging the constant movement of the particles �dynamic – opposite of sta(tic/sis) �indicates constant change

Diffusion – cont’d Diffusion often occurs through one of two types of membranes: �permeable

Diffusion – cont’d Diffusion often occurs through one of two types of membranes: �permeable membrane �allows all molecules [solute, solvent, or other particle] to pass through �semi/selectively permeable membrane �allows only certain substances to pass through �which type of membrane do cells have?

Diffusion Drawings Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: �

Diffusion Drawings Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: � 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] � 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] Based on the given information, �identify & understand the type of membrane �draw before & after beaker with membrane

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] Based on the given information, �identify & understand the type of membrane �draw before & after beakers with membrane

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] before beaker: �under beaker, record # of particles per side �draw # particles in beaker X=3 O=2 X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] before beaker: �determine directions of particle movement X=3 O=2 X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] before beaker: �above, draw arrows specifying how particles will move X=3 O=2 X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] before beaker: �large arrow = larger movement [specify type of particle] X X=3 O=2 X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] before beaker: �small arrow = smaller movement [specify type of particle] X X=3 O=2 X= 1 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] after beaker: �under beaker, record new # of particles per side X X=3 O=2 X= 1 O = 10 X=2 O=2 X= 2 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] after beaker: �draw # of particles in beakers X X=3 O=2 X= 1 O = 10 X=2 O=2 X= 2 O = 10

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of

Problem: In a membrane selectively permeable to X molecules, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right]; 12 particles of O [2 left, 10 right] after beaker: �draw appropriate arrows [specify type of particle] X X=3 O=2 X X= 1 O = 10 X=2 O=2 X= 2 O = 10

Osmosis – diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane �membrane allows ONLY water

Osmosis – diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane �membrane allows ONLY water to go through �solute particles NEVER move �water must be used to reach dynamic equilibrium �more water moves to where there is more solute

Osmosis – cont’d �Ex: �which has the higher concentration of solute? �how can you

Osmosis – cont’d �Ex: �which has the higher concentration of solute? �how can you make the concentrations equal? � 5 scoops of lemonade in a pitcher filled with 8 ounces of water � 5 scoops of lemonade in a pitcher filled with 1 gallon of water

Osmosis Drawings Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: � 4

Osmosis Drawings Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: � 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] Based on the given information, �identify & understand the type of membrane �draw before & after tubes with membrane

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] Based on the given information, �identify & understand the type of membrane �draw before & after tubes with membrane

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] before tube: �under tube, record # of particles per side �draw # particles in tube X=3 X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] before tube: �determine directions of particle movement X=3 X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] before tube: �above, draw arrows specifying how particles will move X=3 X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] before tube: �large arrow = larger movement [specify type of particle] H 2 O X=3 X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] before tube: �small arrow = smaller movement [specify type of particle] H 2 O X=3 X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] after tube: �under tube, record # of particles per side H 2 O X=3 X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] after tube: �draw # of particles in beakers AND water level H 2 O X=3 X= 1

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X

Problem: With a membrane selectively permeable to water, there are: 4 particles of X [3 left, 1 right] after tube: �draw appropriate arrows [specify type of particle] H 2 O X=3 H 2 O X= 1 X=3 X= 1

What happens to cells? Hypertonic Solution – solution outside of the cell has a

What happens to cells? Hypertonic Solution – solution outside of the cell has a higher concentration of solute than inside of the cell. �“hyper” = more than normal �water moves out of cell �cell shrinks Why is this bad for the cell?

What happens to cells? – cont’d Isotonic Solution – solution outside of the cell

What happens to cells? – cont’d Isotonic Solution – solution outside of the cell has the same concentration as the solution inside of the cell. �concentrations are equal �cell remains the same size

What happens to cells? – cont’d Hypotonic Solution – solution outside of the cell

What happens to cells? – cont’d Hypotonic Solution – solution outside of the cell has a lower concentration of solute than inside of the cell. �“hypo” = less than normal �water moves into the cell �cell swells [possibly bursts]