Diffusion can be explained by Everyone close their

Diffusion can be explained by… Everyone close their eyes and the teacher begins to peel an orange. Whenever you smell the orange – open your eyes. Who will be first and last to smell the orange? Speaking of who smells it first and last… Well, we do teach teenagers!

How do I understand Diffusion?

Diffusion Terms to Know ØHearth ØAdopt

BARRIERS TO DIFFUSION • TIME and DISTANCE DECAY – farther from the source & the more time it takes, the less likely innovation adopted • CULTURAL BARRIERS – some practices, ideas, innovations are not acceptable/adoptable in a particular culture – e. g. pork, alcohol, contraceptives… • PHYSICAL BARRIERS – physical barriers on the earth’s surface may prohibit/inhibit adoption

Distance Decay Graph q. Learn to think about distance decay in a “spatial” context q. Think of distance decay in terms of an ‘x’ and ‘y’ axis

Diffusion applied – Sequent Occupance

Diffusion applied – Sequent Occupance

Where is this?

Chinatown in Honolulu

Diffusion applied – Sequent Occupance

More Diffusion

Diffusion Applied

Art Gallery in Denver

Two Types of Diffusion q. Expansion q. Relocation

This is why we don’t use the glossary EXPANSION DIFFUSION Spread of an innovation/idea through a population in an area in such a way that the # of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination. (de Blij/Murphy – 7 th ed. , page R-20)

Expansion Diffusion q. This occurs when an idea or trait or innovation spreads from one place to another.

Kinds of Expansion Diffusion Hierarchical Diffusion – spread of an idea through an established structure usually from: people of/with power to people of/with less/no power places of power down to places with less/no power (big city → mid city → small city “Leapfrogging”

Examples of Hierarchical Diffusion qi. Phones (as do most new technologies) diffused hierarchically. i. Phones, though cheaper, may still be too expensive for most consumers to buy; therefore diffusing hierarchically q. AIDS is typically viewed as hierarchical because if its historically distinctive URBAN to URBAN diffusion pattern q. Fashion trends tend to diffuse from URBAN to URBAN area

What kind of diffusion is the Ebola map below? http: //currents. plos. org/outbreaks/article/assessing-the-international-spreading-risk-associated-with-the-2014 -west-african-ebola-outbreak/

This is a map of the diffusion of _______? Human Geography, Knox & Marston, 2 nd Edition – page 45

Expansion Diffusion q. Contagious Diffusion – spread of an idea/trait/concept through a group of people or an area equally without regard to social class, economic position or position of power.

Examples of Contagious Diffusion q. Disease – such as colds and flu q. Religion – spread of Islam q. Silly Bands – why did these not spread more hierarchically?

Flu – Hierarchical. . then Contagious http: //voices. nationalgeographic. com/2013/01/17/geography-in-the-news-a-flu-diffusion-model/

Now, a question about hierarchical and contagious diffusion ØWas the historical spread of Christianity (up to the first 100 years or so) hierarchical or contagious diffusion? ØDiscuss at your table and come up with an answer and explanation to share with the group.

Let’s see how you did qhttp: //www. eduplace. com/kids/socsci/ca /books/bkf 3/imaps/AC_14_463_christianit y/AC_14_463_christianity. html

Diffusion of early Christianity c. 200 C. E. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Av. Fl 6 UBZLv 4&_cldee=Yn. Jhbm. Rvbi 5 jb 29 w. ZXJAcn. Vzc 2 Vsb. HZpb. Gxlc 2 Nob 29 scy 5 u. ZXQ%3 d

Which is a diagram of Contagious & which is Hierarchical Diffusion Human Geography, de. Blij & Murphy, 7 th ed. Page 28 q‘A’ is a diagram of contagious diffusion. Notice virtually all ‘adopt. ’ q‘B’ is a diagram of hierarchical diffusion. Notice the leapfrogging over some areas.

Expansion Diffusion q. Stimulus Diffusion – the spread of an underlying principle even though the characteristic itself does not spread. OR q. Stimulus Diffusion - involves the transfer of an underlying concept or idea, without the specific accompanying traits due to some cultural or other barrier to the movement of the idea

An example of Stimulus Diffusion q. Mc. Donald’s spread to India; however, Indian Hindus do not eat beef. Indian Mc. Donald’s serve veggie burgers, which is culturally acceptable. The idea (US pop culture, Mc. Donald’s burgers) was acceptable, but not in its original form – hence stimulus diffusion.

See page 29. Note Maharaja Mac

http: //www. justdial. com/Delhi/Mcdonalds-Family-Restaurant-%3 Cnear%3 E-Kalkaji/011 PXX 11 -120922120700 -A 3 J 2_BZDET

How about softball? ü 16” softball invented in Chicago üMinneapolis makes the ball 12” üThe 12” ball prevailed over most of the country üThis is stimulus diffusion

Stimulus Diffusion http: //www. s 3 boston. com/why-we-use-a-16 -softball/ http: //www. nwitimes. com/sports/high-school/illinois/washington-emerging-as-solid-cps-program-in--inch-softball/article_ebbbe 613 ee 2 f-5 be 8 -8252 -03691 d 15 c 744. html http: //www 1. chicagoreader. com/features/stories/chicago 101/recsports/ 16” – Chicago 12” – Minneapolis and diffused everywhere

This is why we don’t use the glossary RELOCATION DIFFUSION Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population. (de Blij/Murphy – 7 th ed. , page R-26)

Relocation Diffusion q. This occurs when the people migrate and take their cultural attributes with them.

Relocation and Expansion – In Review Human Geography, Fellmann, Getis & Getis, 8 th ed. Page 55 q‘A’ is relocation diffusion as the person goes. q‘B’ is expansion diffusion as the idea/trait moves or transports.

AIDS and Relocation Diffusion Some authors suggest AIDS diffuses through relocation diffusion. This is true by the fact that the diffusers “take” the disease with them. However, AIDS is not contracted by everyone in its path. More importantly, the pattern of AIDS diffusion is more classically hierarchical (and therefore expansion).

Migrant Diffusion (a form of Relocation Diffusion) Migrant Diffusion is when an innovation originates and enjoys strong, but brief, adoption in a place. The innovation may travel long distances (& be thriving), but could be extinct back at the hearth Influenza (the flu) in China will reach the U. S. , but the epidemic could be over in China by the time it takes hold in the U. S.

More environmental science examples of migrant diffusion http: //answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20080914134453 AAH 0 i. N 4 Bubonic plague bacilli originated in Asia, but eventually disappeared there, and were spread by camp-following rodents transported along with human travelers from Asia to Europe, and then from Europe to America, Argentina, and South African grasslands. Rabies was circulating in the Florida raccoon population. When raccoons were depleted in the Appalachians, hunters brought captured raccoons from Florida to restock the West Virginia woods, whereupon rabies diffused through the raccoon population from Massachusetts to North Carolina.

Look at the diffusion patterns of slave ownership

One more look…Wal-Mart as both contagious and reverse hierarchical diffusion – WHY? Human Geography, Fellmann, Getis & Getis, 8 th Ed. Page 57

How about another example of reverse hierarchical diffusion? http: //bookmarksmarkyourplace. wordpress. com/2011/09/04/ive-never-been-a-nascar-fan-until-now/

Nicholas Christakis: How social networks predict epidemics http: //www. ted. com/talks/nicholas_christ akis_how_social_networks_predict_epide mics. html

What about Soccer?

Random Thoughts on Diffusion Expansion Diffusion Contagious Does not need have a specific pre-existing structure for transmission Disease contagion is a prime example Don’t forget the orange scent spreading around the room Hierarchical requires a pre-established structure to channel the flow ie 'chain of command' or network of power Relocation Diffusion Movement of people and things Europeans moved to the Americas and brought their culture with them

Acculturation – when smaller/weaker groups take on traits of the larger/dominant culture. Can be 2 -way process – e. g. Aztecs acculturated into Spanish culture, but some Aztec traits remained and became Spanish culture.

Assimilation – the adoption of cultural elements can be so complete that two cultures become indistinguishable – e. g. – jeans being worn here in the Czech Republic

Diffusion applied – Sequent Occupance

Diffusion applied – Intervening Obstacles & Intervening Opportunities Ø Suppose you have a girlfriend or boyfriend Ø Suppose you don’t have any classes with them all day – what are your obstacles? Opportunities? Ø Now seriously – think about Diffusion Ø How easy, or fast or difficult is it for some traits, ideas, innovations, or people to diffuse? ? ?