Differentiate Between Communicable and Chronic Diseases 6 th

Differentiate Between Communicable and Chronic Diseases 6 th Grade

Then? Now? The Future? THEN (100 years ago) NOW FUTURE Small pox Heart disease Chronic diseases will Tuberculosis Cancer Continue to be the Influenza Stroke Leading causes of Whooping cough Respiratory disease Death for the near future. Typhoid Accidents The “big unknown” for Diphtheria Diabetes Scientists will be the effect Tetanus Alzheimer’s Of “emerging infections” Influenza/pneumonia Such as bird flu, SARS, Nephritis and other kidney ailments West Nile virus, MRSA, Ebola, and mad cow Septicemia (blood poisoning) Disease.

Disease Formal Definition Communicable disease: A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment, often through “contaminated” (unclean or polluted) water. Other terms for these diseases are “contagious” (they can be caught from others) and “infectious” as they are caused by pathogens which multiply in the body and damage cells.

**Communicable Disease** Infectious and transmitted by another person or animal. Mosquito or tick bite Diseases that you can “catch” from someone or something else. Some people may use the words contagious or infectious when talking about communicable diseases.

What to do? ? Communicable Disease When a person becomes sick with a communicable disease it means a GERM has invaded their body. Germs fear soap and water. Washing your hand well and often is the best way to beat these tiny warriors.

Disease Formal Definition Chronic disease: An illness which is ongoing. These diseases are also referred to a “degenerative” because they break down organs. They may be “progressive”, meaning the person will continue to get worse unless there is medical care. Today, these conditions often result from “lifestyle”: one’s behavioral choice, like food, physical activity and safety practices.

**Chronic Disease** Usually caused by one’s lifestyle, like diet and nutrition, and worsen over time. Example Heart disease Cancer Diabetes

Cause and Effect Injuries/Accidents Possible Causes of Health Problems Diseases Head Injury Drinking too Much Alcohol Common cold Car accident Viruses Lung Cancer Sprain or Strain Smoking Cigarettes Tooth Decay House Fire Eating too much Fat and Calories Lyme Disease Drowning Bacteria Obesity Falls Carelessness Chicken Pox Electrical Shock Lack of Protective Gear (Such as clothing or helmet) Food Poisoning Frostbite Parasites (ticks, fleas) Liver Disease Cuts, severe Bleeding Not exercising and stretching Type II Diabetes Not getting enough sleep

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent Note Taking Guide Direct Contact Examples of Spread of Illness How to Prevent Stepping on a nail and getting tetanus Receive tetanus shots and keep cuts clean An unborn child getting infected form mother during pregnancy Extra precautions taken by women who are pregnant. An animal bite or scratch Avoid animals unknown to you; seek medical care for animal bite

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent Examples of Spread of Illness Indirect Contact 1. Contaminated objects - Sharing school materials with another child, touching doorknobs or desktops touched by someone who is ill. How to Prevent -Avoid touching your face or rubbing your eyes. -Stay home when sick. -Avoid others who are sick. -Get sufficient rest and sleep. -Wash hands often (especially before eating food and after using restroom).

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent Examples of Spread of Illness Indirect Contact 2. Other organism (vectors) - Being bitten by mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, or flies. Diseases include malaria, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever. How to Prevent -Check body and clothing for parasites such as ticks when coming in from outside. -Report the bite of any insect to an adult.

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent Examples of Spread of Illness Indirect Contact 3. Contaminated food - Happens when food is improperly handled or stored or not cooked well enough. Diseases include salmonella, ecoli. How to Prevent -Wash hands before eating or preparing food. -Keep cold food cold and hot food hot. -Do not eat perishable foods not been refrigerated for two hours. -Wash foods before eating.

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent Examples of Spread of Illness Indirect Contact 4. Contaminated water - Drinking water from unclean sources or eating food prepared in unclean water. Hepatitis A is an example. How to Prevent -Be certain water source is not contaminated. -Do not drink from creeks, rivers, or lakes.

How Diseases Spread, How to Prevent Examples of Spread of Illness Airborne Transmission. How to Prevent - Pathogens for flu and tuberculosis are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes; can travel. -Stay away from sick people. -Have a flu shot yearly. -Stay home when you are sick.

Chronic Diseases, How to Prevent Chronic Illness Risk Factors How to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease (diseases of the heart and circulatory system, can cause heart attack or stroke) Heredity, being male, smoking, diet high in fat and cholesterol, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity, overweight/obesity. Cancer (the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells) Heredity, exposure to radiation (sun, tanning beds), obesity, lack of physical activity, highfat diet, tobacco use or exposure to secondhand smoke, certain infectious illnesses. -Avoid all tobacco products. -Eat a diet low in fat, calories, and cholesterol. -Know your family history -Engage in regular, vigorous physical activity. Maintain -Avoid all healthy tobaccoweight products -Eat a diet low in fat, calories, and cholesterol -Know your family history -Engage in regular, vigorous physical activity

Chronic Diseases, How to Prevent Chronic Illness Risk Factors How to Prevent Diabetes Type II (the inability of the body to metabolize sugar because of lack of insulin) Family history, obesity, diet high in fat and calories, physical inactivity. Alzheimer’s (degeneration or break down of the brain) Cause is not known, risk factors include age and family history. -Eat a diet low in fat, calories, and cholesterol. -Know your family history -Engage in regular, vigorous physical activity. -Maintain healthy weight. -Know your family history. -Continue to be physically, socially, and mentally active into old age.

Chronic Diseases, How to Prevent Chronic Illness Risk Factors How to Prevent -Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke -Avoid “triggers” in environment (mold, pollen) -Avoid stress -Wash bedding Arthritis (diseases Cause unknown, -frequently Maintain healthy causing pain and loss of heredity may influence, weight movement in the exposure to viruses, -Stay physically active joints) bacteria, and fungi in -Prevent sports injuries suspected. -Protect again Lyme disease. Asthma (inflammation of Exposure to secondhand airways in lungs causing tobacco smoke increases breathing difficulty) likelihood of asthma; exposure to “triggers” in the air increase chance of an attack)

Day 2

Eyes and Vision

Review: List ways vision helps us

Brainstorming: Eye Risks and Protection: Risks: 1. 2. Exposure to the sun (continue list) 1. Safety goggles 2. (continue list)

Risks to Eyesight Diabetes Operating machinery Exposure to the sun Water sports Skiing

Risks to Eyesight (continued) Outdoor activities Power equipment Secondhand smoke Over exposure to monitors, TV

Risks to Eyesight (continued) Looking at photocopier lights Computer gaming Environmental mold Allergies

Protection of Vision Low-sugar diet Exercise Safety goggles Sunglasses that protect against UV radiation Wear a hat, wide brim

Protection of Vision (continued) Ski goggles Swimming goggles Eye exercises; look up down, side to side, and all around Eating vegetables Getting adequate sleep

Protection of Vision (continued) Vitamin A Taking breaks from computer Keeping fingers out of one’s eyes to prevent infection Washing hands regularly

Protection of Vision (continued) Eye drops for dry eyes Regular eye check-ups Good posture Computer screen at eye level Clean environment

We need healthy vision throughout our lives.

Asthma Facts

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that can be life threatening. The exact cause is unknown. However, once an individual has asthma, his or her lungs will respond differently to triggers than ever before.

Asthma Triggers What triggers an asthma attack varies from person to person. Some common triggers are: Secondhand smoke Dust mites Pets Mold Pests

Asthma Triggers Viral or sinus infections Emotional anxiety Medication Food Exercise Gasses or fumes Changing weather conditions

Asthma Triggers When someone who has asthma is exposed to a trigger, an asthma attack can develop rapidly, within minutes or slowly, over a period of a few days.

During an Asthma Attack: The cells in the air tubes make more mucus than normal. This mucus is very thick and sticky. It tends to clog up the tubes. The air tubes tend to swell, just as skin swells if it is cut or scraped. The muscles in the air tubes tighten. These changes cause the air tubes to narrow making it very difficult to breathe.

Signs of Asthma Coughing - can be weak or vigorous Wheezing - a whistling or musical sound heard when exhaling Night time coughing Difficulty in breathing Flared nostrils

Subtle Signs of an Asthma Attack Breathing changes Glassy eyes Feeling tired or weak Dark circles under eyes Funny feeling in the chest Getting excited Headache Paleness Watery eyes

Subtle Signs of an Asthma Attack Sweatiness Getting out of breath Restlessness Chin or throat itching Becoming unusually quiet Heart rate increases Coughing Sneezing Dry mouth Stuffy nose

Signs of a Severe Attack Difficulty Severe Flared Head finishing a sentence coughing/wheezing nostrils bobbing Grayish blue tint around fingers and lips Wheezing that stops even though other symptoms are still present

Working Together for Environmental Health

Sticks in a bundle are unbreakable. (African Proverb)

Recycling. . . Does it help?

“Every little bit helps” is TRUE!

What can we do?

Cooperative Learning Activity • Number off by threes • Move to your group • Read about the assigned topic: reduce, reuse, or recycle • Take notes on the items listed on

Take notes on these topics. . . Define your topic List three strategies to reduce, reuse, or recycle What are two “hints for parents? ” What would be your first step to begin to reduce, reuse, or recycle?

Peer Teaching. . . • Reconfigure into new groups • Teach your new group members about your topic

How do the 3 “RE”s show REspect for the earth and humanity?

Real World Collaboration: Return to your original groups Brainstorm ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle on the school campus Select 5 ways to put words into action Plan the first 2 steps to implement the 3 “RE”s