Different words do different jobs in a sentence

Different words do different jobs in a sentence. The word class book Sue Palmer

Different words do different jobs in a sentence. n u no pronoun i s o p e r p dete r mine n o i t r adje verb ctiv e adverb conjunction These are called word classes.

general names particular names Nouns 1 a noun is the name of a person, place, animal or thing just one more than one singular plural girls common noun proper noun girl Emma city Belfast city cities dog Fido foxes day Monday man men girl e. g. dog Index schoolgirl, teenager, toddler… terrier, poodle, puppy… Noun 2

singular noun for a plural group Nouns 2 collective nouns p team u o gr ck crowd flo class herd A group of words built round a noun is called a noun phrase. It acts like a noun in a sentence. Index Nouns can be… things you can’t see, hear, touch, smell abstract nouns idea hap justic e pine ss grief wisdom The small boy with grubby knees was laughing. We had an interesting discussion about life. Noun phrases can provide detail and clarity.

They can come before the noun… e. g. The huge fluffy monster Adjectives tell you more about a noun. They can be… comparative or superlative. taller more enormous or after it… e. g. The monster was huge and fluffy. They can suggest degree… tallest most enormous rather tall quite ta ll tall ish extremely tall e. g. tall Index lanky, towering, statuesque…

Pronouns Singular First person Second person I you he/she/it me you him/her/it my your his/hers/its mine yours his/hers/its myself yourself A pronoun stands in place of a noun Third person singular has gender: masculine feminine neuter himself/herself /itself Any word that stands in for a noun (or noun phrase) is a pronoun, e. g. this, that, those, one Index Plural First person Second person Third person we you they us you them our your their ours yours theirs ourselves yourselves themselves Pronouns must be consistent e. g. don’t switch between 3 rd and 1 st person.

past tense e. g. ate was eating Verb 1 The verb is the word that tells you what’s happening in a sentence has eaten used to eat e. g. will eat is going to eat present tense had eaten e. g. eats is eating e. g. eat Index future Where more than one word is needed it’s called a verb chain. gobble, nibble, devour… Verb 2

imperative e. g. Stop! Mix the flour… Verb 2 Verbs can be… negative e. g. is not… cannot… don’t… interrogative conditional e. g. may be… might have… could be… active or passive The monster ate the pie. e. g. What is she doing? May I have a drink? See also The Complex Sentence Book. Index The pie was eaten by the monster.

Adverbs how? Adverbs fill in background detail about what happens. e. g. gently sadly happily comparative superlative more happily most happily degree quite happily extremely happily Index where? e. g. outside here there when? e. g. now then afterwards yesterday inside everywhere Adverbs can move about The sentence. (See The Sentence Book) Vary the position of adverbs to achieve the best rhythm and emphasis for your sentence.

in the garden in up Prepositions on on his best behaviour Prepositions after lunch a fter come at the with big teeth h t beginning of i through the w gh years a phrase. u round the o r h t round corner unde over r under the arches over the rainbow up the stairs The phrases adjectives and sometimes like adverbs sometimes act like adjectives… ore m s g u dog n i l l e t the t u o ab The dog in the garden was barking. Index w The dog was barking i here was t bark ing? in the garden. Vary the position of adverbial phrases to change the rhythm and emphasis of the sentence.

time links Conjunctions causal links when while whenever before until after Conjunctions make links between clauses. as since because in order that so that and place links conditional links although if unless as long as or but so wherever The ringed conjunctions are coordinating conjunctions (compound sentences). The others are subordinating conjunctions (complex sentences). See Complex Sentence Book. When the cat sleeps, the mice come out to play. e. g. The cat sleeps until the mice come out to play. The mice come out to play because the cat sleeps. Index

Determiners the monster any monster a monster Determiners home you in on a noun. *my monster all monsters some monsters *Like your, his, her, its, our, their, the word my is half-way between a pronoun and a determiner. Best to call it a pronoun in the early stages. Index

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