Different Ways of Looking at the World Different

Different Ways of Looking at the World

Different Ways of Looking at the World • Difficult to keep track of - social, political, economic characteristics of each country in the world • ⁂ easier to group countries using common characteristics • � examples include: a) “First World” b) “Developing Nation” c) “North/South Split

Developed - Developing Countries • Economic development used to group countries – not the only characteristic that determines development • Popular because its simple • Criticism - imprecise - groups too large • Not static - allows for countries to move from undeveloped to developing

Developed and Developing

North - South • Most developed nations located north of equator • Most developing nations located south of the equator • Some countries do not fit pattern New Zealand, Argentina and Australia • ⁂ terms Temperate and Tropical may be more accurate

North & South Split

First/Second/Third World • 3 world model developed in 1950’s • Based on development (economic) & on political alignment • Countries like Cuba, China & Vietnam did not fit • Had characteristics of 2 nd World & some of 3 rd world

First World - Third World

Five World • A compromise between accuracy and simplicity • 3 rd-5 th Worlds describe developing countries in different stages of development • 2 nd World countries disappeared (with fall of communism) - some moved to 1 st world and others to 3 rd-5 th worlds • No longer fits in a world increasingly influenced by the forces of globalization

Five Worlds

New Way of Grouping Countries • Core/Periphery Country Classification • Consider the degree to which each country is an active participant in a globalized world

Economic Development For Grouping Countries • A community’s material wealth and trade • Determined by such things as: per-captia GDP, ratio of cars to people, and percapita electrical power capacity,

Social Characteristics For Grouping Countries • Level of education, healthcare, life expectancy, and rate of infant mortality in a society

Political Characteristics For Grouping Countries • Determined by whether country is democratic • Level of corruption • Presence of functional and established electoral system and rule of law • Freedom House rankings - measure political rights and civil liberties • Rating 2 -5 - considered free • Rating 6 -10 - considered partly free • Rating 11 -14 - considered not free

Globalized Core (Core) • Countries that have contributed significantly to and benefited greatly from globalization • Countries in this group are relatively wealthy, comfortable lifestyles, advanced economies • Good healthcare, live in secure environment • High degree of freedom, gov’ts are generally free of corruption • Eg. Canada, US, Germany, Australia, UK

Measure of Global Involvement Canada Germany 2 2 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) 4. 7 4. 1 GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$) 35 200 31 400 Visiting Tourists (% of population) 57. 8 25. 8 Oil Consumption (m 3/person/year) 4. 022 1. 876 Human Development Index (HDI) 0. 950 0. 932 # of Mc. Donalds Location (per million people) 35. 2 13. 2 Corruption-Perception Index (CPI) 8. 5 8. 0 60 966 42 702 Freedom House Rating Internet users (per 100 000)

Less Globalized Periphery (Periphery) • • • Poorer than the “Core” countries People have less personal security Limited political freedom and civil liberties Corruption is almost always a serious problem Eg. Bangladesh, Zambia, Congo, Kenya

In Between Countries • Most countries are somewhere in between the core and periphery • Makes more sense to divide the in between nations into 2 groups - lots of variation between these countries

Measure of Global Involvement Freedom House Rating Canada Germany Bangladesh Zambia 2 2 8 7 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) 4. 7 4. 1 60. 8 86. 8 GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$) 35 200 31 400 2200 1000 Visiting Tourists (% of population) 57. 8 25. 8 0. 033 0. 066 Oil Consumption (m 3/person/year) 4. 022 1. 876 0. 530 0. 407 Human Development Index (HDI) 0. 950 0. 932 0. 530 0. 407 # of Mc. Donalds Location (per million people) 35. 2 13. 2 0 0 Corruption-Perception Index (CPI) 8. 5 8. 0 2. 6 Internet users (per 100 60 966 42 702 208 2051

Countries in Between • Countries like Poland & Malaysia are generally members of the Core but are not at the same level as countries like Canada & Germany • Not as wealthy, gov’t not as democratic • As years pass becoming more like Canada and Germany • ⁂ need to divide “Core” into 2 groups • Old Core and New Core

Countries in Between • Periphery can be divided into 2 groups as well • Iran and Philippines are more advanced than countries like Bangladesh and Zambia • With continued economic, social & political growth - have potential to join Core in future • These countries can be called Near-Core Periphery (Periphery)

Countries in Between • Countries like Bangladesh & Zambia it will take longer for these countries to become fully functioning members of the global world • These countries are part of the Far Periphery

Measure of Global Involvement Malaysia Poland 8 2 12 6 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) 17. 2 40. 3 22. 8 GDP per capita on a PPP basis (US$) 12 700 14 100 8 900 5 000 Visiting Tourists (% of population) 64. 4 39. 9 2. 4 2. 6 Oil Consumption (m 3/person/year) 1. 224 0. 672 1. 276 0. 222 Human Development Index (HDI) 0. 805 0. 862 0. 746 0. 763 # of Mc. Donalds Location (per million people) 5. 7 0. 4 0 2. 3 Corruption-Perception Index (CPI) 5. 0 3. 7 2. 5 Internet users (per 10 41 243 23 341 8096 5008 Freedom House Rating Iran Philippines

Grouping the World’s Nations

Grouping the World’s Nations