Dietary Reference Intakes DRIs Published in 1997 by

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) • Published in 1997 by US and Canadian researchers • Four nutrient intake values used to plan and assess diets of healthy people 1. Estimated Average Requirements (EARs): - for each nutrient - average amount that will maintain a specific body function in half the population

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDAs): - Average amount of nutrients considered adequate to meet the needs of 98% of healthy people 3. Adequate Intakes (AI): - Used for nutrients where there is insufficient evidence to determine an EAR. - Based on average amount of nutrient that a group of healthy people consumes

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 4. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - the highest amount of a nutrient that appears safe for consumption - beyond the UL may be toxic AIs and RDAs are used to set goals for nutrient intake

Malnutrition Deficiency Undernutrition Excess Overnutrition Symptoms: - thin - loss of muscle tissue - vulerable to infections and disease Symptoms: - obese - increase risk of diabetes, heart disease

Malnutrition • Diagnosed by diet/health history from medical records – information on drug use, socioeconomic status, laboratory results and anthropometric data (body weight compared to standard) And physical exam

Malnutrition • Nutrient Deficiency 1 - too little nutrients in the body due to inadequate dietary intake diet hx 2 - disease that reduces absorption of nutrients/or accelerated the uses of nutrients health hx Subclinical – deficiency in its early stages before outward signs/symptoms lab tests

Body Mass Index (BMI) BMI (Body Mass Index) – an index of a persons weight in relation to height Wt (kg) Ht (m)2 or Wt (lbs) x 703 Ht (in)2 BMI 18. 5 or less underweight: reduced work capacity, poor reproductive function BMI 25 - 29. 9 overweight BMI 30 or more obese: increased mortality

Body Mass Index (BMI) Problems with BMI: 1. Muscular athletes are usually classified as overweight by BMI, but they are not 2. Does not reflect body fat 3. Inappropriate for various ethnic groups