Diet Obesity and Chronic Disease The Kratz Lab
Diet, Obesity, and Chronic Disease The Kratz Lab at Fred Hutch Mario Kratz, Ph. D.
© 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1
Focus of the Kratz Lab at Fred Hutch ? ? ? © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 2
The Obesity Epidemic 1990 No Data <10% 10%– 14% Percentage of adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 3
The Obesity Epidemic 1993 No Data <10% 10%– 14% 15%– 19% Percentage of adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 4
The Obesity Epidemic 1996 No Data <10% 10%– 14% 15%– 19% Percentage of adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 5
The Obesity Epidemic 1999 No Data <10% 10%– 14% 15%– 19% ≥ 20% Percentage of adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 6
The Obesity Epidemic 2002 No Data <10% 10%– 14% 15%– 19% 20%– 24% ≥ 25% Percentage of adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 7
The Obesity Epidemic 2005 No Data <10% 10%– 14% 15%– 19% 20%– 24% 25%– 29% ≥ 30% Percentage of adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 8
The Obesity Epidemic 2008 No Data <10% 10%– 14% 15%– 19% 20%– 24% 25%– 29% ≥ 30% Percentage of adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 9
The Obesity Epidemic 2010 No Data <10% 10%– 14% 15%– 19% 20%– 24% 25%– 29% ≥ 30% Percentage of adults with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 10
Obesity & Chronic Disease ? © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 11
Obesity & Chronic Disease Risk of type 2 diabetes in relationship to obesity Colditz et al. ; Ann. Intern. Med. 1995; 122: 481 -6 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 12
Obesity & Chronic Disease Increase in risk of dying from specific types of cancer in obese men (BMI >35 kg/m 2) compared to normal weight men. Calle et al; N. Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 1625 -38 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 13
Obesity & Chronic Disease Risk of cardiovascular disease in relationship to obesity & diabetes 10 -year risk of developing cardiovascular disease WOMEN Normal weight Obese No diabetes 6. 2% 9. 3% Diabetes 9. 4% 10 -year risk of developing cardiovascular disease MEN Normal weight Obese No diabetes Diabetes Fox et al. ; Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1582 -4 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 14
Obesity & Chronic Disease Risk of cardiovascular disease in relationship to obesity & diabetes 10 -year risk of developing cardiovascular disease WOMEN Normal weight Obese No diabetes 6. 2% 9. 3% Diabetes 9. 4% 41. 9% Normal weight Obese 10 -year risk of developing cardiovascular disease MEN No diabetes Diabetes Fox et al. ; Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1582 -4 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 15
Obesity & Chronic Disease Risk of cardiovascular disease in relationship to obesity & diabetes 10 -year risk of developing cardiovascular disease WOMEN Normal weight Obese No diabetes 6. 2% 9. 3% Diabetes 9. 4% 41. 9% Normal weight Obese No diabetes 11. 9% 22. 8% Diabetes 33. 2% 47. 6% 10 -year risk of developing cardiovascular disease MEN Fox et al. ; Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 1582 -4 © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 16
Obesity & Chronic Disease ? © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 17
Obesity & Chronic Disease ✔ But: How does being obese increase the risk for chronic disease? © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 18
Obesity & Chronic Disease Dyslipidemia Obesity Insulin Resistance Chronic Disease Low-Grade Chronic Systemic Inflammation Changes in Hormone Concentrations: Sex Steroid Hormones Adiponectin Leptin © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 19
Obesity & Chronic Disease Dyslipidemia Insulin Resistance Adipose Tissue Inflammation Chronic Disease Low-Grade Chronic Systemic Inflammation Changes in Hormone Concentrations: Sex Steroid Hormones Adiponectin Leptin © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 20
Introduction & Objective DASI DAIRY RCT AIM DAIRY RCT CROSSROADS © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 21
Introduction & Objective DASI DAIRY RCT AIM DAIRY RCT CROSSROADS © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 22
Anti-Inflammatory Milieu (AIM)-Diet Study • Based on a recent publication of our group (Kratz et al. ; Cell Metab. 2014; 20: 1 -12), we hypothesize that excessive diurnal exposure of adipose tissue to glucose, insulin, and fatty acids triggers ‘metabolic inflammation’. • Newly developed AIM diet minimizes adipose tissue exposure to glucose, insulin, and long-chain fatty acids. • Dietary intervention RCT to compare the effect of the AIM diet vs. USDA-diet on: • • • Adipose tissue inflammation Insulin resistance Glucose tolerance © 2014 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 23
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