DICTION 5 0 PCAD 2000 DICTION 5 0

DICTION 5. 0 & PCAD 2000

DICTION 5. 0

About Diction DICTION 5. 0 is distributed by Roderick P. Hart, Dean of the College of Communication at The University of Texas at Austin Craig Carroll, an assistant professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Diction Website lists over 200 recent scholarly research articles employing Diction http: //www. dictionsoftware. com/index. php

About Diction Free Demo Available Pricing: Standard Version – $179. 00 Academic Version – $129. 00 Exporting Diction Data Output can be exported to both SPSS and Excel

The Normative Range(s) Over 20, 000 texts analyzed by Diction From various text types The normative range for a given variable changes based upon which of the 6 topics and 36 subtypes is selected. 6 topics - Business, Daily Life, Entertainment, Journalism, Literature, Politics, and Scholarship

The Calculated Variables Insistence Score Words expressed three or more times by the speaker Embellishment Ratio of descriptive words (e. g. , adjectives) to functional words Don't have specific independent meaning (content) but that serve as the glue that holds a sentence together - articles, pronouns, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, particles, expletives Variety Measure of linguistic dispersion Complexity Measure of word size

Diction Master Variables Certainty - Language indicating resoluteness, inflexibility, and completeness and a tendency to speak ex cathedra. Activity - Language featuring movement, change, the implementation of ideas and the avoidance of inertia. Optimism - Language endorsing some person, group, concept or event, or highlighting their positive entailments. Realism - Language describing tangible, immediate, recognizable matters that affect people's everyday lives. Commonality - Language highlighting the agreed-upon values of a group and rejecting idiosyncratic modes of engagement.

Diction Home Screen To begin a new project click the “File” tab and “New”

A New Project in Diction The new project window will open up

Adding Files to New Project Click on the “Add File” button which will open the file finder

Project With Files Loaded

Modifying Norm Values With files selected click on “View Tab” and “Norm Values”

Modifying Norm Values 6 Topics Subtypes

Diction Output File s t Outpu M ix r t a

Attempting to Copy Output Data Not Possible!!!

Opening a File in SPSS When you open SPSS you will see this Screen. Click “open an existing data source” then “OK”

Opening a File in SPSS Locate you Diction data …. . then open it Default is C: Program FilesDictionData – Research. dat

Opening a File in SPSS Select “no” then click “Next”

Opening a File In SPSS Click “Delimited” then “No” then “Next”

Opening a File in SPSS Make sure “Each line represents a case” and “All of the cases” are selected and then click “Next”

Opening a File in SPSS Select “Comma” and “None” and unselect “Space” and click “Next”

Opening a File in SPSS Nothing to do here, just click “Next”

Opening a File in SPSS You have to option to save this format at this point.

Opening a File in SPSS Now your Data is in SPSS, but no names or labels.

Getting Your Variable Names Variable names are located in a Syntax file: C: Program FilesDictionStats

Getting Your Variable Names Don’t attempt to use the syntax directions, instead remove all text (including directions) except variable names It goes all the way across

Getting Your Variable Names After you delete everything except variable names, form one large column of the variable names

Getting Your Variable Names Copy that list and paste it into your variable names under the “variable view” tab in SPSS

Getting Your Variable Names Voila! Now your variables have names and you can run all the analyses that you want

Political Speeches Selected the Top 10 speeches from the Top 100 political speeches as listed by American Rhetoric – Database which contains political, historical, and pop culture speeches. It contains text and mp 3 s of most of the modern speeches. http: //www. americanrhetoric. com/newtop 100 speeches. htm Removed the Four Campaign & Inauguration speeches

The Select Speeches 1. MLK - “I Have a Dream” delivered August 28 th 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D. C. 3. FRD – “Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation” delivered on December 8, 1941 to the US Congress and broadcast to the nation 6. Richard Nixon – “Checkers” delivered and broadcast live on television September 23 rd, 1952 7. Malcolm X – “The Ballot or the Bullet” deliver April 3 rd, 1964 in Cleveland, Ohio

The Selected Speeches 8. Ronald Reagan – “The Challenger Tragedy Address” delivered and broadcast January 28 th, 1986 10. LBJ – “Address to a Joint Session of Congress on Voting Legislation” AKA “We Shall Overcome” delivered March 15 th, 1965, Washington, D. C.

An Example of the Texts

Basic Diction Output Word Count Total Characters Average Word Size No. of Different Words FDR 646 807 4. 38 304 LBJ 4099 19882 3. 96 1821 Malcolm X 8728 46761 4. 35 3861 MLK 1978 7975 3. 90 789 Nixon 5047 25066 4. 12 2092 Reagan 763 1410 4. 22 399 Speech

Calculated Variables Speech Insistence Embellishment Variety Complexity FDR 55. 54 0. 16 Low 0. 51 4. 38 LBJ 17. 89 5. 78 High 0. 53 3. 96 Low Malcolm X 78. 46 0. 61 0. 43 Low 4. 51 MLK 72. 30 0. 82 0. 36 Low 3. 90 Low Nixon 61. 18 21. 95 High 0. 51 4. 12 Low Reagan 39. 49 0. 61 0. 54 4. 22 Low

Master Variables Speech Activity Optimism Certainty Realism Commonality 54. 45 47. 35 40. 59 Low 46. 92 49. 46 37. 61 Low 50. 05 41. 83 Low 50. 02 50. 79 51. 97 46. 37 56. 52 High 49. 95 47. 92 47. 35 51. 23 42. 85 Low 49. 63 47. 33 Nixon 4. 15 Low 55. 60 High 44. 27 Low 48. 97 49. 75 Reagan 49. 21 50. 36 43. 89 Low 50. 46 49. 52 FDR LBJ Malcolm X MLK

PCAD 2000 Psychiatric Content Analysis and Diagnosis

PCAD 2000 Content analyzes text input based on scales developed by Louis A Gottschalk and Goldine Gleser. Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis scales were originally designed for human coding, beginning in the 1960’s. PCAD was developed to reduce time lost due to human training and coding as well as eliminate issues of inter-coder reliability.

Gottschalk-Gleser Scales Anxiety Hostility Outward Hostility Inward Ambivalent Hostility Social Alienation-Personal Disorganization Cognitive Impairment Hope Depression Health/Sickness Human Relations Achievement Strivings Dependency Strivings Quality of Life

Uses Clinical Quick first visit diagnostic Accumulate samples from one individual over time to evaluate the effectiveness of regime being used Research Large collection of samples used for comparison of numerical scale outputs, not diagnosis

Input Sample text can be elicited in an endless number of ways. Examples are: content of psychotherapeutic interviews an individual can be asked to report their feelings and attitudes towards another person or persons the speaker may be asked to relate their angry or anxious experiences speaker may be asked to report dreams.

Input The “standard procedure” was used to determine the demographic norms This procedure elicits a five minute sample based on a neutral question (“Tell me about an interesting life event”) Normally produces about 500 words Samples of 85 -90 words are generally reliable

What you need A. txt or. sam file containing at least 85 -90 Reliability and accuracy increase with sample size A PC with PCAD 2000 installed

Opening screen

File Open

Find directory change *. SAM to *. TXT click “Open”

Don’t do this

Or this happens

Select scales to analyze

File Score

Select desired output

SHORT DESCRIPTIONS OF RECENT DREAMS BY GEORGE GILBS My brother and I are soldiers based in our hometown (Pensacola). We are on active duty, and are going into guerrilla battle. Surprisingly, we are allowed to stay at a friend's beach house in Pensacola and commute daily to the war. We patrol a jungle area. The enemy is not specific, not any nation really. All I know is that they are poorly armed, while we have super badass machine guns that afford perfect aim at impossible ranges. So, for two days my brother and I move forward, killing hundreds of enemy soldiers. On the third day my parents and friends are over at the beach, eager to hear my war stories, I thought. Anyway, I am eager to talk about how I've had to kill all these people, about how I could die at any minute, about how I can't take it any more. People seem to be polite, but uncomprehending. I mean, they smile at me and say indulgently "sure, of course. " I realize nobody really believes me. I'm furious. I write out my experiences, I demand attention. But I overhear people offering condolence to my parents for having to put up with their now-insane son. A friend convinces me to promise to stop talking about my war experience long enough for a few hours of quiet fishing. It then dawns on me that it is imaginable that I did, in fact, not fight this guerrilla war after all. My parents' psychiatrist friend tells me that it's not my fault and that I must have been drugged. He asks me to think back and I remembered taking some sort of alleged antidepressant a few days earlier. I admit that it is probably true that I had been hallucinating, but don't know how to accommodate what I know I experienced. I give up my will and put myself in the hands of doctors. But the World Trade Center is still gone.

Output – Scored Clauses

Output – Diagnoses to consider

Output - Summary Analysis

Output – Statistics on each scale

Output - Excel If selected, PCAD will create an Excel file with all of the scale and subscale results The Excel file is automatically placed in the same directory with the same name as the. sam or. txt file that was used as a sample Example

Disclaimer Samples that are not obtained using the “standard procedure” cannot be directly compared to the norms of the subjects demographic group

Just for fun – Joker sample It's the schemers who put you where you are. You were a schemer. You had plans. Look where it got you. I just did what I do best- I took your plan, and I turned it on itself. Look what I've done to this city with a few drums of gas and a couple of bullets. Nobody panics when the expected people get killed. Nobody panics when things go according to plan, even if the plan is horrifying. If I tell the press that tomorrow a gang banger will get shot, or a truckload of soldiers will be blown up, nobody panics. Because it's all part of the plan. But when I say that one little old mayor will die, everybody loses their minds! Introduce a little anarchy, you upset the established order and everything becomes chaos. I'm an agent of chaos. And you know the thing about chaos, Harvey?

Joker Scale Summary Normal Hostility Outward (Overt) Hostility Outward (Covert) Hostility Inward Ambivalent Hostility Cognitive Impairment Hope Human Relations Health scale Slightly high (1 -2 sd above mean) Social Alienation/Personal Disorganization Depression Moderately high (2 -3 sd above mean) Anxiety Very high (greater than 3 sd above mean) Health/Sickness

Just for fun – Facebook “About Me” Sample was obtained from an individual’s “About Me” section on their Facebook page This sample most closely resembles the standard procedure of eliciting text based on an ambiguous prompt

Output – About Me

Comments/Questions?