Diagnosis Documentation and Coding for Pediatrics Kim Huey

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Diagnosis Documentation and Coding for Pediatrics Kim Huey, MJ, CPC, CCS-P, CHCC, PCS, CHAP

Diagnosis Documentation and Coding for Pediatrics Kim Huey, MJ, CPC, CCS-P, CHCC, PCS, CHAP for American Academy of Pediatrics – Alabama Chapter September 28, 2012

Faculty Disclosure • I do not have a significant financial relationship with the manufacturers

Faculty Disclosure • I do not have a significant financial relationship with the manufacturers of commercial products and/or providers of commercial services discussed in this CME activity. • I do not intend to discuss an unapproved/ off -label use of a commercial product/device in my presentation.

Agenda • • ICD-9 -CM Background Getting Ready for ICD-10 -CM Tangent: Breaking News

Agenda • • ICD-9 -CM Background Getting Ready for ICD-10 -CM Tangent: Breaking News About EHRs Getting Better at ICD-9 -CM – Guidelines – Problem Areas • Comparisons Between ICD-9 -CM and ICD-10 -CM

Code Sets • CPT – What you did • ICD-9 -CM – Why you

Code Sets • CPT – What you did • ICD-9 -CM – Why you did it • HCPCS Level II – Supplies and medications you used

ICD-9 -CM • Maintained by the Cooperating Parties – American Hospital Association – American

ICD-9 -CM • Maintained by the Cooperating Parties – American Hospital Association – American Health Information Management Association – National Center for Health Statistics – Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services • Updated yearly – October 1 – no grace period • Official guidance published by AHA - Coding Clinic - even for physician billing

Clinical Information vs. Coding Guidelines Remember that the coder/biller cannot assume anything and that

Clinical Information vs. Coding Guidelines Remember that the coder/biller cannot assume anything and that he/she does not have the clinical knowledge that the physician has The coder/biller can only assign a code if the physician (NP, PA) has given the appropriate detailed information.

A coder/biller can code from an Xray report or a pathology report but not

A coder/biller can code from an Xray report or a pathology report but not from a laboratory report – Why?

Specificity Must Match! Diagnosis assigned on claim form (checked on charge ticket or encounter

Specificity Must Match! Diagnosis assigned on claim form (checked on charge ticket or encounter form ) must be as specific as that noted in the documentation and vice-versa.

Medical Necessity Payors looking for: – Knowledge of the emergent nature or severity of

Medical Necessity Payors looking for: – Knowledge of the emergent nature or severity of the patient’s complaint or condition, and – All facts regarding signs, symptoms, complaints, or background facts describing the reason for care.

ICD-10 • Adopted by the World Health Assembly in 1990 • US has used

ICD-10 • Adopted by the World Health Assembly in 1990 • US has used since 1999 for mortality (causes of death) • Waiting on CMS for final implementation date (October 1, 2014 proposed date) – Date of service for outpatient and physician claims – Date of discharge for inpatient claims

ICD-10 -CM • ICD-10 -CM – Clinical Modifications - in draft version as early

ICD-10 -CM • ICD-10 -CM – Clinical Modifications - in draft version as early as 2002. • ICD-10 -PCS – Procedural Coding System will NOT affect physician coders – it will replace ICD-9 volume 3 for hospital coders • Will be used by all HIPAA-compliant entities (Worker’s compensation will not be required to use it, but ICD-9 will not be maintained. )

General Equivalency Mappings • Released by NCHS for bidirectional mapping • Not to be

General Equivalency Mappings • Released by NCHS for bidirectional mapping • Not to be used for actual coding – cannot provide a one-to-one match because of differences in guidelines and clinical information presented

Partial Code Freeze • Last regular, annual updates to both ICD-9 -CM and ICD-10

Partial Code Freeze • Last regular, annual updates to both ICD-9 -CM and ICD-10 will be made on October 1, 2011 • On October 1, 2012 there will be only limited code updates to both ICD-9 -CM & ICD-10 code sets to capture new technology and new diseases. • On October 1, 2013 there will be only limited code updates to ICD-10 code sets to capture new technology and new diseases.

Skip over ICD-10 to ICD-11? Not feasible! The process of developing CM and PCS

Skip over ICD-10 to ICD-11? Not feasible! The process of developing CM and PCS takes 1012 years – ICD-11 has just been released in beta version According to WHO official, jumping from ICD-9 to ICD-11 would be analogous to learning to walk before learning to crawl

Ask Your PM/EHR System Vendors • What systems upgrades or replacements are needed to

Ask Your PM/EHR System Vendors • What systems upgrades or replacements are needed to accommodate ICD-10? • What costs are involved and will upgrades be covered by existing contracts? • When will upgrades or replacement systems be available for testing and implementation? • What customer support and training will they provide? • How will their products/services accommodate both ICD-9 and ICD-10 as you work with claims submitted both before and after 10/1/13?

Education Needs • Who will need education? • What type and level of education

Education Needs • Who will need education? • What type and level of education will they need? • How will the education be delivered? • What is the most appropriate and costeffective method of providing ICD-10 education to the different categories of individuals who need training?

Preparing the Physicians • Many physicians do not understand ICD-9 -CM coding and do

Preparing the Physicians • Many physicians do not understand ICD-9 -CM coding and do not appreciate the importance as they are largely paid on CPT codes • Some question why they should document more specifically • Evaluate samples of various types of medical records to determine whether documentation supports level of detail found in ICD-10 • Implement documentation improvement strategies where needed

Physician-EHR Challenges • As many EHRs use drop-down boxes for providers to choose diagnoses,

Physician-EHR Challenges • As many EHRs use drop-down boxes for providers to choose diagnoses, the physicians must understand what they are choosing • Careful wording of the narrative description of the code choices is key • Educating physicians should begin now – we still have 2+ years for ICD-9 -CM coding (Pet Peeve: Implementing EHR without coding involvement!)

Breaking News! Concerns with electronic records and overcoding – The Center for Public Integrity

Breaking News! Concerns with electronic records and overcoding – The Center for Public Integrity “coding levels may be accelerating in part because of increased use of electronic health records…. ”

Sebelius-Holder Letter September 24, 2012 To hospitals, but same principles apply – “False documentation

Sebelius-Holder Letter September 24, 2012 To hospitals, but same principles apply – “False documentation of patient care is not just bad patient care; it’s illegal. The indications include potential “cloning” of records in order to inflate what providers get paid. ” http: //www. nytimes. com/interactive/2012/09/ 25/business/25 medicare-doc. html

OIG Workplan for 2012 “We will assess the extent to which CMS made potentially

OIG Workplan for 2012 “We will assess the extent to which CMS made potentially inappropriate payments for E/M services and the consistency of E/M medical review determinations. We will also review multiple E/M services for the same providers and beneficiaries to identify electronic health records (EHR) documentation practices associated with potentially improper payments. Medicare contractors have noted an increased frequency of medical records with identical documentation across services. Medicare requires providers to select the code for the service based upon the content of the service and have documentation to support the level of service reported. ”

What are the auditors looking for? • Authentication – signatures, dates/times – who did

What are the auditors looking for? • Authentication – signatures, dates/times – who did what? (metadata? ) • Contradictions – between HPI and ROS, exam elements • Wording or grammatical errors/anomalies • Medically impausible documentation

Medical Necessity? Of services performed – or services billed? Who is qualified to judge

Medical Necessity? Of services performed – or services billed? Who is qualified to judge the medical necessity of a service?

Excellent Reference available from AMA or AHIMA If you have not purchased an EHR

Excellent Reference available from AMA or AHIMA If you have not purchased an EHR system, this book will guide you to: - Identify and manage EHR system selection criteria - Evaluation tools that can be customized and edited - Anticipate project scope and project management - Analyze potential systems for strengths and weaknesses If you have already purchased an EHR system, this book will guide you to: - Recognize systems functions that require mitigation - Evaluate your system against current industry standards - Identify and correct significant functional gaps

Preparing the Coders/Billers • Conduct gap analysis of coding professionals’ knowledge and skills •

Preparing the Coders/Billers • Conduct gap analysis of coding professionals’ knowledge and skills • Assess coding professionals’ knowledge in biomedical sciences (anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology), medical terminology, and pharmacology • Arrange for additional training in areas identified during assessment

Budget Considerations • • Software modifications Hardware/software upgrades Redesign/reprint paper forms Consulting services Training

Budget Considerations • • Software modifications Hardware/software upgrades Redesign/reprint paper forms Consulting services Training for staff and physicians Decreased productivity and decreased accuracy Potential reimbursement delays as payers transition

Costs of ICD-10 -CM Implementation Business Aspect Typical Small Practice (3 providers) Typical Medium

Costs of ICD-10 -CM Implementation Business Aspect Typical Small Practice (3 providers) Typical Medium Practice (10 providers) Education $2, 405 $4, 745 $46, 280 Process Analysis $6, 900 $12, 000 $48, 000 Changes to Superbills $2, 985 $9, 950 $99, 500 IT Costs $7, 500 $15, 000 $100, 000 $44, 000 $178, 500 $1, 785, 000 $19, 500 $65, 000 $650, 000 $83, 290 $285, 195 $2, 728, 780 Increased Documentation Costs Cash Flow Disruption TOTAL Typical Large Practice (100 providers)

Specifically for Coders! • Never code what you do not understand. • Do not

Specifically for Coders! • Never code what you do not understand. • Do not simply look up a word in the ICD 9/ICD-10 or CPT index without knowing what it means – also know the synonyms, or other interchangeable terms.

Comparison ICD-9 -CM ICD-10 -CM Three to five characters Three to seven characters First

Comparison ICD-9 -CM ICD-10 -CM Three to five characters Three to seven characters First digit is numeric but can be alpha (E First character always alpha or V) 2 -5 are numeric All letters used except U Always at least three digits Character 2 always numeric: 3 -7 can be alpha or numeric Decimal placed after the first three characters Always at least three digits Alpha characters are not case-sensitive Decimal placed after the first three characters Alpha characters are not case-sensitive 29

th Coding and 7 Character Extensions Alpha (Except U) M X A S X

th Coding and 7 Character Extensions Alpha (Except U) M X A S X 0 X 2 Category 2 - 7 Numeric or Alpha . X 6 X 5 X x Etiology, anatomic site, severity 3 – 7 Characters Additional Characters A X Added code extensions (7 th character) for obstetrics, injuries, and external causes of injury 30

Coding and Use of 7 th Character • Obstetrics • Injury • External cause

Coding and Use of 7 th Character • Obstetrics • Injury • External cause • Either alpha or numeric • Placeholder X • Meanings vary Injury and External Cause - Identifies Injury Initial – receiving active treatment Subsequent – receiving Sequela – routine care complications during healing or conditions arising as or recovery (after active result of injury treatment) 31

th Coding and Use of 7 Character Aftercare - Z codes are not used

th Coding and Use of 7 Character Aftercare - Z codes are not used for aftercare for injuries Combination codes for poisonings and external cause (accidental, intentional self-harm, assault, undetermined) Chapter 15 – represents fetus in multiple gestation affected by condition being coded 32

NEC and NOS Same meaning in both ICD-9 -CM and ICD-10 -CM • NEC

NEC and NOS Same meaning in both ICD-9 -CM and ICD-10 -CM • NEC - “Not elsewhere classifiable” This abbreviation in the Tabular represents “other specified”. When a specific code is not available for a condition the Tabular includes an NEC entry under a code to identify the code as the “other specified” code. • NOS - “Not otherwise specified” This abbreviation is the equivalent of unspecified.

Punctuation Same in ICD-9 -CM as in ICD-10 -CM [ ] - Brackets are

Punctuation Same in ICD-9 -CM as in ICD-10 -CM [ ] - Brackets are used in the tabular list to enclose synonyms, alternative wording or explanatory phrases. Brackets are used in the Index to identify manifestation codes. ( ) - Parentheses are used in both the Index and Tabular to enclose supplementary words that may be present or absent in the statement of a disease or procedure without affecting the code number to which it is assigned. The terms within the parentheses are referred to as nonessential modifiers. : - Colons are used in the Tabular List after an incomplete term which needs one or more of the modifiers following the colon to make it assignable to a given category.

NOTES Includes and Inclusion Terms are the same in ICD-9 -CM as in ICD-10

NOTES Includes and Inclusion Terms are the same in ICD-9 -CM as in ICD-10 -CM ICD-9 -CM has one note for Excludes ICD-10 -CM has • Excludes 1 – NOT CODED HERE! The two conditions cannot occur together. • Excludes 2 – Not included here. Must use a second code if both conditions are present.

See – See Also – And - With Same meaning in ICD-9 -CM and

See – See Also – And - With Same meaning in ICD-9 -CM and ICD-10 -CM • See – must go to the category referenced for the correct code • See Also – another category may be appropriate, but if this category provides the needed code, you may use it • And – means and/or • With – additional information, not necessarily in alphabetical order

Steps to Correct Coding • In determining the first-listed diagnosis the coding conventions of

Steps to Correct Coding • In determining the first-listed diagnosis the coding conventions of ICD-9 -CM, as well as the general and disease specific guidelines take precedence over the outpatient guidelines. • Diagnoses often are not established at the time of the initial encounter/visit. It may take two or more visits before the diagnosis is confirmed. • The most critical rule involves beginning the search for the correct code assignment through the Alphabetic Index. Never begin searching initially in the Tabular List as this will lead to coding errors.

Steps to Correct Coding ICD-9 • The appropriate code or codes from 001. 0

Steps to Correct Coding ICD-9 • The appropriate code or codes from 001. 0 through V 83. 89 must be used to identify diagnoses, symptoms, conditions, problems, complaints, or other reason(s) for the encounter/visit. ICD-10 • The appropriate code or codes from A 00. 0 through T 88. 9, Z 00 -Z 99 must be used to identify diagnoses, symptoms, conditions, problems, complaints, or other reason(s) for the encounter/visit.

Steps to Correct Coding • For accurate reporting of ICD-9 -CM/ICD-10 CM diagnosis codes,

Steps to Correct Coding • For accurate reporting of ICD-9 -CM/ICD-10 CM diagnosis codes, the documentation should describe the patient’s condition, using terminology which includes specific diagnoses as well as symptoms, problems or reasons for the encounter. CRITICAL!!! If the provider does not document the condition, it cannot be coded! No assuming allowed!

ICD-9 -CM • Codes that describe symptoms and signs, as opposed to diagnoses, are

ICD-9 -CM • Codes that describe symptoms and signs, as opposed to diagnoses, are acceptable for reporting purposes when an established diagnosis has not been confirmed by the physician. ICD-10 -CM • Codes that describe symptoms and signs, as opposed to diagnoses, are acceptable for reporting purposes when a diagnosis has not been established (confirmed) by the provider. Chapter 18 of ICD-10 CM, Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings Not Elsewhere Classified (codes R 00 -R 99) contain many, but not all codes for symptoms.

 • ICD-9 -CM provides codes to deal with encounters for circumstances other than

• ICD-9 -CM provides codes to deal with encounters for circumstances other than a disease or injury. • ICD-10 -CM provides codes to deal with encounters for circumstances other than a disease or injury. The Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services codes (Z 00 -99) is provided to deal with occasions when circumstances other than a disease or injury are recorded as diagnosis or problems.

ICD-9 -CM • A code is invalid if it has not been coded to

ICD-9 -CM • A code is invalid if it has not been coded to the full number of digits required for that code. ICD-10 -CM • ICD-10 -CM is composed of codes with either 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 digits. Codes with three digits are included in ICD 10 -CM as the heading of a category of codes that may be further subdivided by the use of fourth fifth digits, sixth or seventh digits which provide greater specificity. • A three-digit code is to be used only if it is not further subdivided. A code is invalid if it has not been coded to the full number of characters required for that code, including the 7 th character extension, if applicable.

 • List first the ICD-9 -CM/ICD-10 -CM code for the diagnosis, condition, problem

• List first the ICD-9 -CM/ICD-10 -CM code for the diagnosis, condition, problem or other reason for the encounter shown in the medical record to be chiefly responsible for the services provided. List additional codes that describe any coexisting conditions. • ICD-10 -CM adds the following sentence: In some cases the first-listed diagnosis may be a symptom when a diagnosis has not been established (confirmed) by the physician.

 • Do not code diagnoses documented as “probable”, “suspected”, “questionable”, “rule out”, or

• Do not code diagnoses documented as “probable”, “suspected”, “questionable”, “rule out”, or working diagnosis. Rather, code the condition(s) to the highest degree of certainty for that encounter, such as symptoms, signs, abnormal test results, or other reason for the visit. But…do not code the symptom if the cause is known and coded.

 • Chronic diseases treated on an ongoing basis may be coded and reported

• Chronic diseases treated on an ongoing basis may be coded and reported as many times as the patient receives treatment and care for the condition(s).

 • Code all documented conditions that coexist at the time of the encounter,

• Code all documented conditions that coexist at the time of the encounter, and require or affect patient care, treatment, or management. Do not code conditions that were previously treated and no longer exist. However, history codes (V 10 – V 19 in ICD -9 -CM, Z 80 -Z 87 in ICD-10 -CM) may be used as secondary codes if the historical condition or family history has an impact on current care or influences treatment.

 • For outpatient encounters for diagnostic tests that have been interpreted by a

• For outpatient encounters for diagnostic tests that have been interpreted by a physician, and the final report is available at the time of coding, code any confirmed or definitive diagnoses documented in the interpretation. Do not code related signs and symptoms as additional diagnoses.

 • For patients receiving preoperative evaluations only, sequence a code from category V

• For patients receiving preoperative evaluations only, sequence a code from category V 72. 8/Z 01. 81, to describe the preoperative consultations. Assign a code for the condition to describe the reason for the surgery as an additional diagnosis. Code also any findings related to the pre-op evaluation.

 • For surgery, code the diagnosis code for which the surgery was performed.

• For surgery, code the diagnosis code for which the surgery was performed. If the postoperative diagnosis is known to be different from the preoperative diagnosis at the time the diagnosis is confirmed, select the postoperative diagnosis for coding, since it is the most definitive.

Included in ICD-9 -CM but moved to chapterspecific guidelines in ICD-10 -CM – •

Included in ICD-9 -CM but moved to chapterspecific guidelines in ICD-10 -CM – • For routine outpatient prenatal visits when no complications are present, codes V 22. 0, Supervision of normal first pregnancy, or V 22. 1, Supervision of other normal pregnancy, should be used as the principal diagnosis. These codes should not be used in conjunction with chapter 11 codes.

Included in ICD-10 -CM but not ICD-9 -CM • The subcategories for encounters for

Included in ICD-10 -CM but not ICD-9 -CM • The subcategories for encounters for general medical examinations, Z 00. 0 -, provide codes for with and without abnormal findings. Should a general medical examination result in an abnormal finding, the code for general medical examination with abnormal finding should be assigned as the first listed diagnosis. A secondary code for the abnormal finding should also be coded.

Acute vs. Chronic • If the same condition is described as both acute and

Acute vs. Chronic • If the same condition is described as both acute and chronic, and codes exist for both, code both – list the code for the acute condition first • The physician must state acute or chronic – otherwise, we must code unspecified.

Chapter-Specific Guidelines Focusing on

Chapter-Specific Guidelines Focusing on

Chapter 1 – Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases • Includes: diseases generally recognized as

Chapter 1 – Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases • Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible • Use additional code for any associated drug resistance (Z 16) • New section called infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission (A 50 -A 64) – HIV is not in this section Chapt er 1 54

 • Categories B 90 -B 94 are to be used to indicate conditions

• Categories B 90 -B 94 are to be used to indicate conditions in categories A 00 -B 89 as the cause of sequelae, which are themselves classified elsewhere. • Code first condition resulting from (sequela) the infectious or parasitic disease • Bacterial and viral infectious agents (B 95 -B 97) are provided for use as supplementary or additional codes to identify the infectious agent(s) in diseases classified elsewhere – Index • Infection • Organism (Streptococcus) C h a pt er 1 55

Example Strep pharyngitis ICD-9 -CM: 034. 0 – Streptococcal sore throat ICD-10 -CM: J

Example Strep pharyngitis ICD-9 -CM: 034. 0 – Streptococcal sore throat ICD-10 -CM: J 02. 0 – Streptococcal pharyngitis (Moved to Chapter 10 – Respiratory System)

Example Viral Syndrome ICD-9 -CM: 079. 99 – Unspecified viral infection ICD-10 -CM: B

Example Viral Syndrome ICD-9 -CM: 079. 99 – Unspecified viral infection ICD-10 -CM: B 34. 9 – Viral infection, unspecified Viremia

Chapter 5 – Mental and Behavioral Disorders • Unique codes for alcohol and drug

Chapter 5 – Mental and Behavioral Disorders • Unique codes for alcohol and drug use and abuse and dependence • Continuous or episodic no longer classified • History of drug or alcohol dependence coded as “in remission” • Combination codes • Blood alcohol level (Y 90. -) • Now parallel the DSM-IV TR in most cases 58

Use, Abuse, Dependence • When the provider documentation refers to use, abuse, and dependence

Use, Abuse, Dependence • When the provider documentation refers to use, abuse, and dependence of the same substance, only one code should be used – Use and abuse – code abuse – Abuse and dependence – code dependence – Use and dependence – code dependence

Attention Deficit Disorder In ICD-9 -CM, primarily two codes: 314. 00 – ADD without

Attention Deficit Disorder In ICD-9 -CM, primarily two codes: 314. 00 – ADD without mention of hyperactivity 314. 01 – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Other codes for developmental delay or conduct disorder 314. 1 – Hyperkinesis with development delay 314. 2 – Hyperkinetic conduct disorder

ADHD in ICD-10 -CM F 90. 0 – predominantly inattentive type F 90. 1

ADHD in ICD-10 -CM F 90. 0 – predominantly inattentive type F 90. 1 – predominantly hyperactive type F 90. 2 – combined type F 90. 8 – other type Code separately for anxiety, mood disorders, developmental disorders

Chapter 6 Diseases of the Nervous System • Diseases of the sense organs have

Chapter 6 Diseases of the Nervous System • Diseases of the sense organs have been given their own chapters – 7 for eyes and adnexa, 8 for ear and mastoid process • Category G 81, G 82, G 83 – hemiplegia and paralysis Cha pter 6 – Used only when listed conditions are reported without further specification, or are stated to be old or longstanding, with unspecified cause 62

 • Epilepsy terminology updated – Localization-related idiopathic – Generalized idiopathic – Special epileptic

• Epilepsy terminology updated – Localization-related idiopathic – Generalized idiopathic – Special epileptic syndromes • Provides specificity for: C h a p t e r 6 – Seizures of localized onset – Complex partial seizures – Intractable – Status epilepticus 63

Category G 40 (Epilepsy and recurrent seizures) and G 43 (Migraine) Note: the following

Category G 40 (Epilepsy and recurrent seizures) and G 43 (Migraine) Note: the following terms are equivalent to intractable: pharmacoresistent (pharmacologically resistant), treatment resistant, refractory (medically), and poorly controlled. 64

Example The patient is seen for management of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. The patient did

Example The patient is seen for management of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. The patient did not respond to treatment and was diagnosed with an intractable seizure. ICD-9 -CM: 345. 11 – Generalized convulsive epilepsy with intractable epilepsy ICD-10 -CM: G 40. 319 – Generalized idiopathic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes, intractable, without status epilepticus

Chapter 7 Diseases of the eye and adnexa • Concept of laterality – Right

Chapter 7 Diseases of the eye and adnexa • Concept of laterality – Right – Left – Bilateral – Unspecified C h a p t e r 7 If bilateral is not available, assign code for right and left 66

Example Acute mucopurulent conjunctivitis, right eye ICD-9 -CM: 372. 03 – other mucopurulent conjunctivitis

Example Acute mucopurulent conjunctivitis, right eye ICD-9 -CM: 372. 03 – other mucopurulent conjunctivitis ICD-10 -CM: H 10. 021 – other mucopurulent conjunctivitis, right eye

Example Acute conjunctivitis, right eye ICD-9 -CM: 372. 00 – Acute conjunctivitis, unspecified ICD-10

Example Acute conjunctivitis, right eye ICD-9 -CM: 372. 00 – Acute conjunctivitis, unspecified ICD-10 -CM: H 10. 31 – Unspecified acute conjunctivitis, right eye

Example Conjunctivitis, right eye ICD-9 -CM: 372. 30 – Conjunctivitis, unspecified ICD-10 -CM: H

Example Conjunctivitis, right eye ICD-9 -CM: 372. 30 – Conjunctivitis, unspecified ICD-10 -CM: H 10. 9 – Unspecified conjunctivitis (Note that you lose the laterality)

Chapter 8 – Diseases of the ear and mastoid process Otitis media • In

Chapter 8 – Diseases of the ear and mastoid process Otitis media • In ICD-10 -CM, you will use an additional code for any associated perforated tympanic membrane (H 72. -) – not coded separately in ICD-9 -CM • Use additional code to identify: – exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z 77. 22) – exposure to tobacco smoke in the perinatal period (P 96. 81) – history of tobacco use (Z 87. 891) – occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z 57. 31) – tobacco dependence (F 17. -) – tobacco use (Z 72. 0) C h a p t e r 8 70

Example The patient is seen for acute ear pain. Examination reveals bilateral acute serous

Example The patient is seen for acute ear pain. Examination reveals bilateral acute serous otitis media with a total perforated tympanic membrane of the right ear. ICD-9 -CM: 381. 01 – Acute serous otitis media (Note that TM perforation not coded with OM in ICD-9) ICD-10 -CM: H 65. 03 – Acute serous otitis media, bilateral H 72. 821 – Total perforations of the tympanic membrane, right ear

Example Otitis media, bilateral ICD-9 -CM: 382. 9 – Otitis media, unspecified ICD-10 -CM:

Example Otitis media, bilateral ICD-9 -CM: 382. 9 – Otitis media, unspecified ICD-10 -CM: H 66. 93 – Otitis media, unspecified, bilateral

Chapter 10 – Diseases of the Respiratory System • New terminology for asthma •

Chapter 10 – Diseases of the Respiratory System • New terminology for asthma • Respiratory condition in more than 1 site (not specifically indexed) classified to lower anatomic site • Additional code notes • Certain codes moved from other locations, for example, streptococcal sore throat C h a p t e r 1 0 73

Example Asthma – Bronchial not severe/prolonged (from Pediatric Clinic superbill) ICD-9 -CM: 493. 90

Example Asthma – Bronchial not severe/prolonged (from Pediatric Clinic superbill) ICD-9 -CM: 493. 90 – Asthma (bronchial)(allergic NOS), unspecified ICD-10 -CM: J 45. 909 – unspecified asthma, uncomplicated

ICD-9 -CM Descriptors - Asthma Extrinsic allergic with stated cause childhood atopic hay platinum

ICD-9 -CM Descriptors - Asthma Extrinsic allergic with stated cause childhood atopic hay platinum Intrinsic late-onset Unspecified Each can be specified as with exacerbation or status asthmaticus

ICD-10 -CM Descriptors - Asthma Mild – Moderate – Severe Persistent – Intermittent Unspecified

ICD-10 -CM Descriptors - Asthma Mild – Moderate – Severe Persistent – Intermittent Unspecified Each can be specified as with exacerbation or status asthmaticus

Example Croup ICD-9 -CM: 464. 4 – Croup ICD-10 -CM: J 05. 0 –

Example Croup ICD-9 -CM: 464. 4 – Croup ICD-10 -CM: J 05. 0 – Acute obstructive laryngitis (croup) In both cases, use additional code to identify infectious agent/organism

Chapter 11 Diseases of the Digestive System • Diseases of the liver have their

Chapter 11 Diseases of the Digestive System • Diseases of the liver have their own category • The term “hemorrhage” is used when referring to ulcers • The term “bleeding” is used when classifying gastritis, duodenitis, diverticulosis, diverticulitis • Obstruction is no longer a classification for ulcers • Crohn’s disease expanded • Gastroenteritis – Infectious or Viral coded in Chapter 1 – Infectious Diseases in both ICD-9 CM and ICD-10 -CM

Example Recurrent right inguinal hernia with gangrene and obstruction ICD-9 -CM: 550. 01 -

Example Recurrent right inguinal hernia with gangrene and obstruction ICD-9 -CM: 550. 01 - Inguinal hernia with gangrene, recurrent unilateral or unspecified inguinal hernia ICD-10 -CM: K 40. 41 – Unilateral inguinal hernia, with gangrene, recurrent

Example Gastroenteritis ICD-9 -CM: 558. 9 – Other and unspecified noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis

Example Gastroenteritis ICD-9 -CM: 558. 9 – Other and unspecified noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis ICD-10 -CM: K 52. 9 – Noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified

Chapter 12 – Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue • • Complete restructuring in

Chapter 12 – Diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue • • Complete restructuring in ICD-10 -CM Laterality identified when appropriate Subchapter for radiation-related disorders Combination code for pressure ulcers

Example Cellulitis, left finger ICD-9 -CM: 681. 00 – Cellulitis and abscess of finger,

Example Cellulitis, left finger ICD-9 -CM: 681. 00 – Cellulitis and abscess of finger, unspecified ICD-10 -CM: L 03. 012 – Cellulitis of left finger No bilateral code – code both if on both L and R

Example Cellulitis, left finger – staph ICD-9 -CM: 681. 00 – Cellulitis and abscess

Example Cellulitis, left finger – staph ICD-9 -CM: 681. 00 – Cellulitis and abscess of finger, unspecified 041. 10 – Staphylococcus, unspecified ICD-10 -CM: L 03. 012 – Cellulitis of left finger B 95. 8 – Unspecified staphylococcus as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere

Chapter 13 – Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue • Almost every

Chapter 13 – Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue • Almost every code has been expanded to include very specific sites and laterality • Some codes require the use of 7 th character extension

Example Ongoing juvenile rheumatoid arthritis found only in both ankles ICD-9 -CM: 714. 33

Example Ongoing juvenile rheumatoid arthritis found only in both ankles ICD-9 -CM: 714. 33 – Monoarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis ICD-10 -CM: M 08. 071 – Unspecified juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, right ankle and foot M 08. 072 - Unspecified juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, left ankle and foot

Chapter 14 Diseases of the genitourinary system • Many codes require gender specificity •

Chapter 14 Diseases of the genitourinary system • Many codes require gender specificity • Some situations require additional codes for symptoms

Example Urinary Tract Infection ICD-9 -CM: 599. 0 – UTI, site not specified ICD-10

Example Urinary Tract Infection ICD-9 -CM: 599. 0 – UTI, site not specified ICD-10 -CM: N 39. 0 – UTI, site not specified In both cases, use an additional code to identify the organism

Example Nocturnal Enuresis ICD-9 -CM: 788. 36 – Nocturnal enuresis ICD-10 -CM: N 39.

Example Nocturnal Enuresis ICD-9 -CM: 788. 36 – Nocturnal enuresis ICD-10 -CM: N 39. 44 – Nocturnal enuresis Note that this is a symptom code in ICD-9 -CM, but is included in the Genitourinary System for ICD-10 -CM

Chapter 16 and 17 Division between certain conditions originating in perinatal period – chapter

Chapter 16 and 17 Division between certain conditions originating in perinatal period – chapter 16 – and congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities – chapter 17 • Categories for birth weight and gestational age – both should be coded if documented • Chapter 17 codes used throughout the life of the patient

Example Premature “crack” baby born in the hospital by caesarean section to a mother

Example Premature “crack” baby born in the hospital by caesarean section to a mother dependent on cocaine. The newborn did not show signs of withdrawal, but does show signs of dehydration. Birth weight 1247 grams, 31 completed weeks of gestation.

ICD-9 -CM: V 30. 01 – Single liveborn, born in hospital, delivered by cesarean

ICD-9 -CM: V 30. 01 – Single liveborn, born in hospital, delivered by cesarean delivery 765. 14 – Other preterm infants, 1, 000 -1, 249 gms 765. 26 – 31 -32 completed weeks of gestation 775. 5 – dehydration in newborn

ICD-10 -CM: Z 38. 01 – Single liveborn, caesarean delivery P 04. 41 –

ICD-10 -CM: Z 38. 01 – Single liveborn, caesarean delivery P 04. 41 – Newborn (suspected to be) affected by maternal use of cocaine P 07. 14 – low birthweight newborn, 1000 -1249 gms P 07. 31 – preterm newborn, 28 -31 completed weeks P 74. 1 – dehydration of newborn

Chapter 18 – Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified

Chapter 18 – Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified Symptoms that point to a given diagnosis have been classified in the chapter for that diagnosis.

Symptoms Rules for coding symptoms in chapter 18 are the same as in ICD-9

Symptoms Rules for coding symptoms in chapter 18 are the same as in ICD-9 -CM: • When no more specific diagnosis can be made • Signs and symptoms proved to be transient • Provisional diagnosis when a patient fails to return • Cases referred elsewhere before diagnosis was made • Certain symptoms that represent important problems in medical care in their own right

Example Diarrhea ICD-9 -CM: 787. 91 - Diarrhea ICD-10 -CM: R 19. 7 –

Example Diarrhea ICD-9 -CM: 787. 91 - Diarrhea ICD-10 -CM: R 19. 7 – Diarrhea, unspecified (Excludes functional diarrhea, neonatal diarrhea, psychogenic diarrhea)

Example Wheezing ICD-9 -CM: 786. 07 – Wheezing (Not to be used in a

Example Wheezing ICD-9 -CM: 786. 07 – Wheezing (Not to be used in a patient with asthma) ICD-10 -CM: R 06. 2 – Wheezing (Not to be used in a patient with asthma)

Ch apt er 19 Chapter 19 – Injury, Poisoning, and Certain Other Consequences of

Ch apt er 19 Chapter 19 – Injury, Poisoning, and Certain Other Consequences of External Causes • Injuries grouped by body part rather than category of injury Head • (S 00 - S 09) Neck • (S 10 S 19) Thorax • (S 20 S 29) 97

C h a pt er 1 9 • Encompasses 2 alpha characters – S

C h a pt er 1 9 • Encompasses 2 alpha characters – S • Injuries related to body region –T • Injuries to unspecified region • Poisonings, external causes • NOTE: Use secondary code(s) from Chapter 20 to indicate cause of injury • Codes within T section that include the external cause do not require an additional external cause code 98

Fractures Cha pter 19 • Greater specificity – – – – Type of fracture

Fractures Cha pter 19 • Greater specificity – – – – Type of fracture Specific anatomical site Displaced vs nondisplaced Laterality Routine vs delayed healing Nonunion Malunion Type of encounter • Initial • Subsequent • Sequela 99

Fracture 7 th character Chapte r 19 A – Initial closed B – Initial

Fracture 7 th character Chapte r 19 A – Initial closed B – Initial open D – Subsequent routine G – Subsequent delayed K – Subsequent nonunion P – Subsequent malunion S - Sequela 100

101 Fractures Chapte r 19 • A fracture not indicated as displaced or nondisplaced

101 Fractures Chapte r 19 • A fracture not indicated as displaced or nondisplaced should be coded to displaced • A fracture not designated as open or closed should be coded to closed

Chapter 19 • Initial encounter – The patient is receiving active treatment for the

Chapter 19 • Initial encounter – The patient is receiving active treatment for the injury • Surgical treatment • Emergency department encounter • Evaluation and treatment by a new physician 102

Chapte r 19 • Subsequent encounter – After patient received active treatment of injury

Chapte r 19 • Subsequent encounter – After patient received active treatment of injury and receiving routine care during healing or recovery phase • Cast change or removal • Removal of external or internal fixation device • Medication adjustment • Other aftercare and follow-up visits following injury treatment. 103

Chapter 19 • Sequela – Complications or conditions that arise as a direct result

Chapter 19 • Sequela – Complications or conditions that arise as a direct result of an injury • Scar formation after burn – Use both the injury code that precipitated sequela and code for sequela – “S” added only to injury code, not sequela code. – “S” identifies injury responsible for sequela. – Specific type of sequela (like scar) sequenced first, followed by injury code. 104

Chapte r 19 Note: Aftercare Z codes should not be used for aftercare for

Chapte r 19 Note: Aftercare Z codes should not be used for aftercare for injuries - assign the acute injury code with the appropriate seventh character for “subsequent encounter. ” 105

Example Nursemaid’s elbow, right arm, initial encounter ICD-9 -CM: 832. 2 – Closed posterior

Example Nursemaid’s elbow, right arm, initial encounter ICD-9 -CM: 832. 2 – Closed posterior dislocation of elbow ICD-10 -CM: S 53. 031 A – Nursemaid’s elbow, right arm, initial encounter (Subsequent encounter would use 7 th character D, Sequela (late effect) would use 7 th character S)

Example Sprained ankle, right, initial encounter ICD-9 -CM: 845. 00 – sprain and strain,

Example Sprained ankle, right, initial encounter ICD-9 -CM: 845. 00 – sprain and strain, ankle, unspecified site (More specific codes for specific ligaments) ICD-10 -CM: S 93. 401 A – Sprain of unspecified ligament of right ankle, initial encounter (More specific codes for specific ligaments)

Poisoning, Adverse Effect, Underdose Chapter 19 Poisoning Overdose of substances Wrong substance given or

Poisoning, Adverse Effect, Underdose Chapter 19 Poisoning Overdose of substances Wrong substance given or taken in error Adverse effect “Hypersensitivity, ” “reaction, ” or correct substance properly administered Underdosing Taking less of medication than is prescribed or instructed by manufacturer either inadvertently or deliberately 108

 • The physician needs to specify the circumstances behind the ingestion/administration of the

• The physician needs to specify the circumstances behind the ingestion/administration of the drug or other substance (if known)

ICD-9 -CM Coding Poisoning 1. Poisoning code from Table of Drugs and Chemicals 2.

ICD-9 -CM Coding Poisoning 1. Poisoning code from Table of Drugs and Chemicals 2. Manifestation 3. E-code for circumstances Adverse Effect 1. Manifestation 2. E-code for circumstances – from Therapeutic Use column of Table of Drugs and Chemicals

Poisoning, Adverse Effect, Underdose Chapter 19 • Combination codes for poisonings/ external cause (accidental,

Poisoning, Adverse Effect, Underdose Chapter 19 • Combination codes for poisonings/ external cause (accidental, intentional self-harm, assault, undetermined) • Table of Drugs and Chemicals groups all poisoning columns together – Followed by adverse effect and underdosing • When no intent of poisoning is indicated, code to accidental – Undetermined intent is only for use when there is specific documentation in record that intent cannot be determined 111

Poisoning, Adverse Effect, Underdose Chapter 19 • Use additional code(s) for manifestations of poisoning

Poisoning, Adverse Effect, Underdose Chapter 19 • Use additional code(s) for manifestations of poisoning and adverse effects • Use additional code for intent of underdosing: – Failure in dosage during medical and surgical care (Y 63. 61, Y 63. 8 -Y 63. 9) – Patient's underdosing of medication regime (Z 91. 12 -, Z 91. 13 -) 112

Example Toddler ate several acetaminophen when he found an open bottle at home. ICD-9

Example Toddler ate several acetaminophen when he found an open bottle at home. ICD-9 -CM: 965. 4 – Poisoning by aromatic analgesics, not elsewhere classified (Would also have second code specifying manifestation if documented. ) E 850. 4 – Accidental poisoning by aromatic analgesics, not elsewhere classified E 849. 0 - Home

ICD-10 -CM: T 39. 1 x 1 A – Poisoning by 4 -Aminphenol derivatives,

ICD-10 -CM: T 39. 1 x 1 A – Poisoning by 4 -Aminphenol derivatives, accidental (unintentional), initial encounter (Would also have second code specifying manifestation if documented. ) Y 92. 019 – unspecified area in home (only on first encounter)

Chapter 20 • External cause code may be used with any code in range

Chapter 20 • External cause code may be used with any code in range A 00. 0 -T 88. 9, Z 00 Z 99, that is health condition due to Most applicable to external cause injuries, also valid for • Encompasses alpha characters V, W, other use – i. e. X, and Y infections or heart attack occurring during • Assign external cause code, with appropriate seventh character for each strenuous physical encounter for which injury or condition activity is being treated – initial encounter – subsequent encounter – sequela 115

Transport Accidents Chapter 20 • A transport accident is one in which vehicle must

Transport Accidents Chapter 20 • A transport accident is one in which vehicle must be moving or running or in use for transport purposes at the time of the accident • Definitions of transport vehicles provided in classification 116

Transport Note Chapter 20 Use additional code to identify: Airbag injury (W 22. 1)

Transport Note Chapter 20 Use additional code to identify: Airbag injury (W 22. 1) Type of street or road (Y 92. 4 -) Use of cellular telephone at time of transport accident (Y 93. c-) 117

Chapter 20 Use with activity code Category Y 92 Place of occurrence Only on

Chapter 20 Use with activity code Category Y 92 Place of occurrence Only on initial encounter Only one Y 92 code on record Do not use Y 92. 9 if place not stated 118

Chapter 20 Use with Y 92 and Y 99 Category Y 93 Activity Only

Chapter 20 Use with Y 92 and Y 99 Category Y 93 Activity Only on initial encounter Only one Y 93 code on record Do not use Y 93. 9 if activity not stated Not applicable to poisonings, adverse effects, misadventures, or late effects 119

Category Y 99 Chapter 20 • Assign Y 99, External cause status, to indicate

Category Y 99 Chapter 20 • Assign Y 99, External cause status, to indicate work status – military activity – non-military person was at work – an individual including a student or volunteer was involved in a non-work activity 120

Chapter 20 Category Y 99 • Assign with other external cause codes, such as

Chapter 20 Category Y 99 • Assign with other external cause codes, such as transport accidents and falls • Are not applicable to poisonings, adverse effects, misadventures, or late effects • Do not assign a code from category Y 99 if no other external cause codes (cause, activity) are applicable for the encounter • Do not assign code Y 99. 9, Unspecified external cause status, if status is not stated 121

Example Patient has 2 nd and 3 rd degree burns of the back and

Example Patient has 2 nd and 3 rd degree burns of the back and left lower leg. He was burned when he was running and fell into the lit fireplace in his parent’s bedroom.

ICD-9 -CM: 942. 34 – 3 rd degree burns, trunk 945. 34 – 3

ICD-9 -CM: 942. 34 – 3 rd degree burns, trunk 945. 34 – 3 rd degree burns, leg 948. 30 - Burn (any degree) involving 30 -39% of body surface with 3 rd degree burn <10% or unspecified amount E 895 - Accident caused by controlled fire in private dwelling E 849. 0 – Home E 001. 1 – Running

ICD-10 -CM: T 24. 332 A – third degree burn of left lower leg,

ICD-10 -CM: T 24. 332 A – third degree burn of left lower leg, initial encounter T 21. 34 x. A – third degree burn of lower back, initial encounter X 02. 0 xx. A – exposure to flames in controlled fire in building or structure, initial encounter Y 92. 013 – bedroom of single family home Y 93. 02 – running Y 99. 8 – other external cause – (not for work)

Corresponding procedure code must accompany Z code if procedure is performed Z Codes Reason

Corresponding procedure code must accompany Z code if procedure is performed Z Codes Reason Encounter Chapter 21 When person who may or may not be sick encounters health services for some specific purpose i. e. to receive limited care or service for current condition, donate an organ or tissue, receive prophylactic vaccination, discuss problem When some circumstance or problem is present which influences person’s health status but is not a current illness or injury 125

Example Medical examination of 4 yo for admission to preschool. ICD-9 -CM: V 70.

Example Medical examination of 4 yo for admission to preschool. ICD-9 -CM: V 70. 3 – General medical examination for school admission ICD-10 -CM: Z 02. 0 – encounter for examination for admission to educational institution

Consequences of Poor Preparation for ICD-10 -CM • Increased claims rejections and denials •

Consequences of Poor Preparation for ICD-10 -CM • Increased claims rejections and denials • Increased delays in processing authorizations and reimbursement claims • Improper claims payment • Coding backlogs • Compliance issues • Decisions based on inaccurate data

So, what do we do for the next 2 years? • Study and apply

So, what do we do for the next 2 years? • Study and apply ICD-9 -CM guidelines – many of them do not change for ICD-10 -CM. • Review the ICD-10 -CM guidelines for your specialty – begin to look for the additional information that would be needed in ICD-10 -CM. • Consider training needs – CMS recommends 1216 hours of training for coders CMS: "Although the final rule on the proposed ICD-10 deadline change has yet to be published, it is important to continue planning for the transition to ICD-10".

Resources • CMS – http: //cms. gov/icd 10 • AHIMA (see next page) •

Resources • CMS – http: //cms. gov/icd 10 • AHIMA (see next page) • AAPC (see attached)

Resources • CMS – http: //cms. gov/icd 10 • AAPC – https: //www. aapc.

Resources • CMS – http: //cms. gov/icd 10 • AAPC – https: //www. aapc. com/icd-10/index. aspx – Implementation and Training Resources

AHIMA Resources http: //www. ahima. org/icd 10 • Practical guidance (free) – Putting the

AHIMA Resources http: //www. ahima. org/icd 10 • Practical guidance (free) – Putting the ICD-10 -CM/ PCS GEMs into Practice – ICD-10 Preparation Checklist – Role-based implementation models – ICD-10 Readiness and Prioritization Tool • Books – Pocket Guide of ICD-10 - CM/PCS – ICD-10 -CM/PCS Preview – Implementing ICD-10 -CM in Hospitals – Essential Guide to GEMs • Online courses – ICD-10 -CM and ICD-10 -PCS overview courses – Fundamentals of GEMs course • Proficiency assessments • Academy for ICD-10 Trainers – Academy for ICD-10 CM/PCS (3 days) – Academy for ICD-10 -CM only (1 ½ days) • • E-newsletter (free) • • Articles (many are free) • • Webinars/Conferences

Insert AAPC floor plan diagram

Insert AAPC floor plan diagram

AAPC on ICD-10 -CM • You will be given two (2) years to take

AAPC on ICD-10 -CM • You will be given two (2) years to take and pass, beginning October 1, 2013? (one year before implementation of ICD-10) and ending September 30, 2015? (one year after implementation) • There will be 75 questions • It will be open-book, online and un-proctored • Coders will have two (2) attempts at passing for the $60 administration fee

Followup Questions? Kim Huey, MJ, CPC, CCS-P, CHCC, PCS, CHAP kim@kimthecoder. com 205/621 -0966

Followup Questions? Kim Huey, MJ, CPC, CCS-P, CHCC, PCS, CHAP kim@kimthecoder. com 205/621 -0966 877/893 -5583