Developmental Genetics Three Stages of Development division morphogenesis

Developmental Genetics

Three Stages of Development • division • morphogenesis • differentiation

What leads to changes? • Differential gene expression. • Caused by. . .

Sequential Regulation • Gene Expression is sequentially regulated • Cells become determined before they differentiate

Plant and animal devo • Plants have totipotent stem cells (meristems) throughout life • Animals have totipotent stem cells for short part of life • Animal cells move in development

Of course we have videos • Human Development • Different types of potential cells • Embryonic stem cell lines • Nuclear transfer: cloning

Cloning • Reproductive cloning • Many problems • Defects • Too many methyl groups

Stem Cells • Adult stem cells • Bone marrow • Brain • Skin • Hair • Eyes • Dental pulp • Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent • Therapeutic cloning • New induced pluripotent stem cells from adult cells.

Pattern Formation in Animals • Establishes major axes: • Anterior posterior • Right and left sides • Video

Homeotic Genes • Homeotic genes contain homeobox sequences (180 nucleotides long) regulate body part formation • Homeobox codes for homeodomain (60 aa long) • Homeodomains are almost identical in animal kingdom • A video…of course