Development of the Internet in Turkey Attila zgit

Development of the Internet in Turkey Attila Özgit Middle East Technical University Dept. of Computer Engineering ozgit@metu. edu. tr May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

Agenda r 1985 - 1991 Early Days of Networking (EARN/BITNET) r 1991 - 1996 Transition to the Internet r 1996 - 2000 Development of the Internet r 2000 May 14, 2001 -… A. Özgit

1985 - 1991 r TUVAKA r Turkish Universities and Research Institutions Network r 29 Universities and TUBITAK r Early Days of Networking r EARN/BITNET Technology r Store-and-Forward Network r IBM Proprietary r Ege University - Pizza (1985 - 1989) r Ege University - Montpellier (1989 - 1994) May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

TUVAKA Topology (1990) 19 Mayıs KTÜ İTÜ Atatürk Boğaziçi Ü. Yıldız TÜBİTAK MAM Uludağ YÖK KOSGEB Bilkent Ü. TÜBİTAK ODTÜ Hacettepe Erciyes Ü. Anadolu Ü. Fırat Ü. 9 Eylül G. Antep Ü Çukurova Ege Üni. Akdeniz DAÜ May 14, 2001 A. Özgit Dicle Ü

1989 - 1991 q Bandwidth Problems q Operational Problems q Older Technology “Tape-Net” May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

1991 q Internet Connection Project by METU r Submitted to TUBITAK r Approved by TUBITAK r NSF and CERN appovals for connections (March 92) r “Looking to the future, please accept our heartiest welcome to the NSFNET family” Goldstein, S. (NSF Program Director) r May 14, 2001 Decision for NSF connection (May 92) A. Özgit

1992 - 1993 q 64 Kbps line application to Turkish Telecom - PTT (July 92) q RIPE X. 25/IP application (August 92) q Equipment Purchasing - Router, Mgmt. Station, Line Interface - (September 92) q RIPE X. 25/IP Connection (October 92) q 64 Kbps leased line connection to NSF (April 93) – 9 Months setup time May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

National Internet Connections 1991 -93 GAZİ NSF TUBİTAK(Marmara) BOĞAZİÇİ Terminal Server UNIX X. 25 METU NET ROUTER BİLKENT ROUTER KHO VINES TÜBİTAK (Merkez) IP/SNA May 14, 2001 ANADOLU İTÜ YILDIZ EGE Mixture of SNA and IP TÜBİTAK (SAGE) A. Özgit

National Internet Connections (1992) NSF Trakya Ü. Koç Unisys Boğaziçi Ü. İTÜ TÜBİTAK MAM Yıldız Ü. Ondokuz Mayıs Ü. Gazi Ü. TÜBİTAK/ODTÜ Uludağ Ü. Anadolu Ü. Bimel KHO Bilkent Ü. TÜBİTAK SAGE G. Antep Ü 9 Eylül Ü. Merkez Bankası Ege Ü. ODTÜ Erdemli May 14, 2001 Erciyes Ü. A. Özgit

National Internet Connections (1994) NSF (ABD) Ondokuz Mayıs Kafkas Uni. Koç UNISYS Koç Ü. Bogaziçi Ü. İTÜ Yildiz Ü. TÜBİTAK MAM ASELSAN Gazi Ü. ODTÜ TAEK Anadolu Ü. 9 Eylül Ü. Bilkent Ü. TÜBİTAK (New Connections) Info As. Merkez Bankası 100. Yıl BİMEL KHO VİS Erciyes Ü. Sütçü İmam Ün. Ege Ü. G. Antep Ü Akdeniz Univ. May 14, 2001 ODTÜ Erdemli Doğu Akdeniz Uni. A. Özgit

Organization q TR-Net Organization - September 1993 METU TÜBİTAK The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey Middle East Technical University q TUBITAK`s major contribution: Funding q METU`s Major contribution: Technical Know. How and Infrastructure May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

TR-Net Organization 1994 q Internet is in the Commercial Sector q 200+ domains (incl. “. com. tr”) - May 1994 q Monthly traffic is over 18 Gigabytes q Many PR events for increasing “public awareness” q National Internet Conferences May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

TR-Net Organization 1995 - 1996 q Many PR events for increasing “public awareness” q Contribution to national Internet and Informatics conferences q Several national and international publications May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

National Internet Backbone Plans 1993 1994 İstanbul 512/64 K Ankara İzmir May 14, 2001 A. Özgit 512/64 K

Further Development Efforts q TR-Net’s offer to Turkish Telecom (PTT): “Setup a backbone and operate it jointly. ” (Spring 1995) q Turkish Telekom decided to open a tender for Turkish Internet Backbone (Summer 1995). r r May 14, 2001 Due to poor timing of the tender process, planned and offered capacity had been far behind the demand. 70% of the revenues go to Turkish Telecom! Sprint - SATKO - METU signed the contract (March 1996) TURNET started operation (October 1996) A. Özgit

CI 3 S 3 k TURNET k k CI Ck CI k 1 K K k 1 CK S 1 Ck 1 K 1 CS 1 SPRINT SATKO METU CS 2 CI 2 S 2 Backbone Service Providers K 2 End Users k 2 May 14, 2001 k 1 A. Özgit S 1 CK 1 K 1 1 2 3

After TURNET (1997 - 1998) q Disappointment with TURNET r r Capacity problems Operational problems q Major groups started to setup ISPs (e. g. set up of Superonline in 1995; started operations by the end of 1996) q Turkish Telecom monopoly prohibits ISPs to have private lines to Internet backbone. q Nearly 70 ISPs are operational. q Ulak-Net May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

ULAK-Net 2001 see www. ulakbim. gov. tr May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

After TURNET (1998 - 1999) q TT-Net (Turkish Telecom Network) announced by TT (December 1997) q “Higher Board for Internet” set up under Ministry of Communications (January 1998) r Advisory Role q TT-Net operational by the end of 1999 r SDH/ATM based 622/155 Mbps backbone with 140 access points all over the country q Big Capital Groups showed interest in Internet sector by setting up large ISPs (Mid 1999) - e. g. ixir, e-kolay. May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

After TURNET (1999 - 2000) q Capacity Problems r International Internet Bandwidth r Access Network q “National Master Plan for Informatics Infrastructure” r Ministry of Communications and TUBITAK r No actions taken as yet May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

Lately (2000 - 2001) q New Telecom Act (January 2000) r Telecommunications Institution (TK) q The Newest Telecom Act (May 2001) r r All rights (regarding to TT) handed over to Treasury All rights regarding to licensing of telecom services have been given to Telecommunications Institution (TK) q International Bandwidth r r r 500+ Mbps via ISPs 300+ Mbps via TT-Net 50+ Mbps over Ulak-Net (Academic and Research Community) q Nearly 2 million Internet users and 100, 000 hosts May 14, 2001 A. Özgit

May 14, 2001 A. Özgit