Development of Engineering Materials 10 000 BC 5000

Development of Engineering Materials 10 000 BC 5000 BC Gold 0 1000 1500 1800 1940 1960 1980 1990 (after Ashby 1992) 2000 2010 2020 Copper Bronze Iron METALS Cast Iron Glassy Metal Al - Lithium Alloys Dual Phase Steels Micro Alloyed Steels New Super Alloys RELATIVE IMPORTANCE Steels POLYMERS, ELASTOMERS Wood Skin Fibers Alloy Steels Glues COMPOSITES Straw-brick Light Alloys Super Alloys Rubber paper Development Slow Mostly Quality Control and Processing High Temperature Polymers Bakelite Alloys High Modulus Polymers Nylon Polyesters micsites a r e po Exposies C Ccom PE M Cement PMA Arcrylics r- M evla P K R Refractories PC PS PP F C FRP Portland Cement GFRP Fused Tough Engineering Cerments Pyro. Silica ceramics (Al 2 O 3, Si 4, etc) Ceramics Titanic Zirconium Etc Stone Flint Pottery Glass CERAMICS 10 000 BC 5000 BC DATE 0 1000 (Year)1500 1800 1940 1960 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 The use of other competitive materials in replacement to metals and alloys becomes prominent as technological development requires higher performance of engineering materials