Development of a TDA and SAP for the

Development of a TDA and SAP for the Protection of the Western Indian Ocean Coastal and Marine Environment from Land-based Sources and Activities “People of the region prospering from a healthy Western Indian Ocean” Experiences and Lessons Learnt, 28 October 2009 UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 1

Overview of the presentation l Context l The TDA development process l The SAP development process l Implementing the SAP l Lessons learnt UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 2

The TDA/SAP Approach as a Management Tool for the WIO Context UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project

UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project Addressing land-based activities in the Western Indian Ocean UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project

Context Nairobi Convention Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from land -based Activities UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 5

Context The Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystem UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 6

Context: Three Projects: The UNEP implemented West Indian Ocean Land Based Sources of Pollution Project (WIO-La. B) l The World Bank implemented Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Project (SWIOFP) l The UNDP implemented Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystem (ASCLME) Project l UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 7

Scope of the WIO-La. B TDA l Geographical scope: WIO and its catchment area l Thematic scope: Land-based activities UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 8

Key characteristics of the WIO-La. B TDA/SAP process l l l (Political) framework provided by the Nairobi Convention WIO-La. B TDA and SAP to be coordinated with ASCLMEs and SWIOFP Projects Dedicated TDA and SAP Task Teams for drafting of TDA and SAP Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee to provide scientific leadership and means of validation of TDA SAP development linked to the development of specific National Action Plans (NAP) UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 9

Current status Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis finalised Strategic Action Programme prepared and negotiated UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 10

The TDA/SAP Approach as a Management Tool for the WIO The WIO-La. B TDA process UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project

Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 12

Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 13

The TDA Drafting Team l Pollution: – Dr. Susan Taljaard (CSIR) – Dr. Sixtus Kayombo (UDSM) l PADH: – Dr. Salomao Bandeiro (UEM) – Dr. James Kairo (KMFRI) l Legal and Institutional – Mr. Akunga Momanyi (Nairobi University) – Regional Legal Expert – Prof. Jan Glazewski (UCT) - Legal Task Force member l Socio-economics – Dr. Jacob Ochiewo (KMFRI) l River-coast interaction – Dr. Anton Earle (ACWR) – Dr. Daniel Malzbender (ACWR) UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 14

TDA Management Structure THE TDA DRAFTING TEAM COORDINATED BY THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (PMU) UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 15

Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 16

Pollution from land-based sources UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 17

Physical alteration and destruction of habitats UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 18

Alteration in river flow and sediment loads UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 19

Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 20

Fact finding Fact-finding and assessment for TDA development ongoing as part of scope of work of specific Task Forces: • Task Force on Water, Sediment and Biota Quality • • MWW Task Force PADH Task Force EIA Task Force Legal and Technical Review Task Force UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 21

Main building blocks for the WIOLa. B TDA Pollution River basins Regional Status of Pollution Assessment of River-coast Interactions in the WIO Regional Status of MWW Assessment Regional Marine Litter Assessment Governance PADH Regional PADH Assessment of existing Policy, Legal and Institutional Frameworks for LBA Management Assessment of Shoreline Changes in the WIO Assessment of the Status of Ratification of International Conventions Related to LBA Assessment of Socio-economic Implications of PADH Review of Legislation, and Institutions Relevant to PADH UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 22

Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 23

Causal chain and governance analysis Socio-economic Consequences Socio-economic consequences The consequences of the environmental impacts in terms of social and economic effects, both direct and indirect, such as loss of revenue, lowering quality of life, health The effects of biophysical changes on the social and economic well-being of the population, e. g. reduced revenues from fisheries or health risks Environmental impacts The effects of activities on the biophysical environment, e. g. changes in species composition or mortality of marine organisms Transboundary problem Underlying sector and immediate causes The immediate causes of the problem, including the sectors associated with such causes, e. g. effluent streams related to industries and coastal settlements; soil erosion related to agriculture and forestry, etc. Root causes The underlying (fundamental) reasons for the problem, e. g. poverty, bad governance or financial constraints UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 24

UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 25

Sample of problem ranking UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 26

Governance and stakeholder analysis UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 27

Establishment of a TDA Drafting Team Initial review of transboundary problems Fact finding (data collection and analysis) Causal chain and governance analysis Validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 28

The role of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) 1. 2. 3. 4. Act as a Scientific and Technical Advisory Board for the TDA Drafting Team throughout the various stages of development of the TDA report. Review and comment upon the draft WIO TDA report as prepared and submitted by the TDA Drafting Team. Facilitate and coordinate, where appropriate, the review of the above-described draft TDA report by relevant scientific constituencies at the national and regional levels. Recommend appropriate intervention measures to be considered for inclusion in the Strategic Action Plan (SAP) for the WIO Region. UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 29

The TDA/SAP Approach as a Management Tool for the WIO Process of development of the SAP UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project

Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 31

Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 32

Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and Strategic Action Programme (TDA/SAP) Constitution of the SAP drafting team: • Government representatives • Civil society • Academic institutions • Technical experts UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 33

Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 34

Structure of the Framework SAP Four thematic areas of intervention: 1. 2. 3. 4. Pollution from land-bases sources and consequent degeneration of water quality Physical alteration and destruction of habitats Alteration in fresh water flows and sediment loads from rivers Governance and other cross-cutting issues UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 35

Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 36

Structure of the SAP Vision EQ Objective Target Action UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 37

A common vision for the region “People of the region prospering from a healthy Western Indian Ocean” Five key principles: • Equity • Sharing responsibility and management • Harmony between resource users and nature • An informed society, and • Lifestyles adjusted to sustainability. UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 38

Environmental Quality Objectives By 2032 in the WIO region: A. B. C. Critical coastal habitats will be protected, restored and managed for sustainable use; Water quality will meet international standards; and River flows will be wisely and sustainably managed By 2013, there will be: D. Effective collaboration at regional level in addressing transboundary challenges UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 39

Targets l Specific short (5 year), medium (5 -15 year) and long-term (15 -25 year) targets defined for each objective: – – Policy and legal reforms Information generation and analysis Capacity and awareness building Investments UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 40

Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 41

Consultative steps in SAP Drafting Workshop preparation MWW Task Force PADH Task Force LTR Task Force WSQ Working Group Regional SAP Stakeholder Workshop National SAP Final Stakeholder Technical Workshops UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Discussions Project Final SAP 42

Establishment of a SAP Drafting Team Bridging the TDA and SAP Analysis and definition of strategic action National and regional stakeholder consultations Finalisation and validation UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 43

Principal mechanisms for endorsement of the SAP Project Steering Committee l Conference of Parties to the Nairobi Convention l UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 44

Implementing the SAP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mainstreaming into national development plans Identification of partners for SAP implementation Development of concrete proposals for partner support Designation of Regional Activity Centers Monitoring and evaluation of SAP implementation by the Nairobi Convention Secretariat UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 45

National roll-out A Strategic Action Programme on Landbased Sources and Activities Management A new Protocol on Landbased Sources and Activities for the Nairobi Convention Mainstreaming Land-based Sources and Activities Management at the National Level UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 46

Regional versus national action Regional Strategic Action Programme (SAP) National Action Plan National Action Plan A two-way process l Linked to LBSA Protocol l UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 47

Mainstreaming / Development of National Programmes of Action 6 countries engaged in mainstreaming / developing National Programmes of Action: • • • Tanzania Kenya South Africa (completed) Mauritius Seychelles Mozambique UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 48

The WIO-La. B TDA and SAP Lessons learnt UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project

Three plusses 1. 2. 3. Involvement of regionally-accepted experts in the TDA development facilitates regional acceptance Inclusive SAP development process has led to strong partnerships and ownership The attachment to the Nairobi Convention secures a relatively straightforward governance mechanism UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 50

Three minuses 1. 2. 3. The thorough process, with high level of stakeholder involvement, has caused considerable delay The overall coordinative functions assigned to the PMU have placed quite a burden on its limited capacity The national mainstreaming processes are very time- and resource intensive UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 51

Thank you for your attention UNEP/GEF WIO-La. B Project 52