Development of 1 Me V electron accelerator with

Development of 1 Me. V electron accelerator with beam power up to 500 k. W for flue gas treatment Nikolay Tolstun D. V. Efremov Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus (FGUP NIIEFA) Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

Description of the solution and technology (no more than 3 slides) Method of electron beam flue gas treatment (EFBGT) allows to remove simultaneously sulfur and nitrogen oxides from the flue gases. It is based on the oxidation of both pollutants and their reaction with water to form acids. The acids are neutralized with gaseous ammonia to form the solid aerosol, a mixture of ammonium nitrate and sulfate, which is popular nitrogen-bearing component of NPK (nitrogen, phosphor, potassium) fertilizer. The method is well known and is implemented in pilot installations and in industrial scales. Fig. 1. Scheme presenting sequence of physicochemical reactions which lead to acidic pollutant removal and solid fertilizer particle formation. Fig. 2. Dependence of SO 2 and NOx removal efficiency from the EB dose. Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

• Above technology most successfully has been applied in EPS Pomorzany, Szczecin, Poland in 2002. The installation purifies flue gases from two Benson boilers of 65 MWe and 100 MWth each. The maximum flow rate of the gases is 270, 000 Nm 3/h and the total beam power exceeds 1 MW (for 4 accelerators). There are two reaction chambers with nominal flow gas rates of 135, 000 Nm 3/h. Each chamber is irradiated by two accelerators (260 k. W, 700 ke. V) installed in series. The applied dose is in the range of 7– 12 k. Gy. The removal of SO 2 approaches 80– 90% in this dose range, and that of NOx is 50– 60%. The by-product is collected by the electrostatic precipitator and shipped to the fertilizer plant. • More wide spreading of technology is restricted by absence of reliable and powerful electron accelerators. In process of development of 1 Me. V, 500 k. W accelerator we have reached 400 k. W power level and now we are sure that the accelerator main technical solutions allows to build such machines for 700 -800 power level but in the same time now we know that some other systems (beam extraction devise, power regulator) should be reconstructed in order to achieve planned or higher beam power. Efficiency of transforming electric energy into EB reached 90% at 400 k. W level. Note, that the size of the accelerator with beam power for 700 -800 k. W will be practically the same as for 500 k. W machine. We estimate necessary additional funding to bring the accelerator for industrial level of reliability as 500 k$. 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

Fig. 3. «Electron 23» accelerator 1 – irradiator 2 – magnetic lens 3 – scanning device 4 – ion pump 5 – outlet window 07. 03. 2021 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg Control system

«Electron-23» accelerator for environmental application № Parameter Value 1 Accelerating voltage, MV 2 Instability of the accelerating voltage, % 3 4 Electron beam current, m. A Beam current instability, % 5 Rated power of the accelerator, k. W 6 Scanning length of electron beam, cm 7 Non-uniformity of current density, % ± 10 8 Beam scanning frequency, Hz ≥ 400 9 Beam conversion efficiency at the rated power, % ≥ 90 10 Annual error-free running time, % ≥ 90 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg 0, 8 -1, 0 ± 5 400 -500 ± 2 500 200 -240 5

The most advanced and world leading company in the flue gases radiation treatment now is Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland. Our Institutes has long and stable relations. 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

Market The market for the product are the coal and oil burning electric power stations with flow rate of the flue gases from 50, 000 Nm 3/h to 1000 Nm 3/h (40 -1000 MW electric or thermal). 1. ARAMCO, Saudi Arabia – actively studies possibility to use this technology. 2. Sheep building companies with powerful diesel engines are interested in the product. Demand on our product will depend on national ecological policy in different countries. In conditions of EFBGT commercial scale implementation demand in global market may be as high as tens of $ billion. 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg

Investor of the project realization (implementation) q. We are ready to cooperate with any company or other organization to promote powerful electron beam driven technique for ecological needs. Research and Practical Conference “Accelerators and Radiation technologies for the Futures of Russia” 28 -29 September 2012, Saint-Petersburg